* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download (light) reactions
Survey
Document related concepts
Amino acid synthesis wikipedia , lookup
NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (H+-translocating) wikipedia , lookup
Biosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
Adenosine triphosphate wikipedia , lookup
Microbial metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems wikipedia , lookup
Basal metabolic rate wikipedia , lookup
Enzyme inhibitor wikipedia , lookup
Citric acid cycle wikipedia , lookup
Light-dependent reactions wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
Oxidative phosphorylation wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthetic reaction centre wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
review material chapters two & five acids & bases • acid – dissociates into H+ – HCl H+ + Cl • base – dissociates into OH – NaOH Na+ + OH Figure 2.6 acid-base balance • H+ in solution expressed as pH – pH = -log [H+] – increasing [H+] increases acidity – increasing [OH-] increases alkalinity Figure 2.7 Energy Requirements of a Chemical Reaction Figure 5.2 The Mechanism of Enzymatic Action Figure 5.4a Factors Influencing Enzyme Activity • Temperature • pH • Substrate concentration • Inhibitors enzyme activity • enzymes denatured by temperature and pH Figure 5.6 Figure 5.5b Figure 5.5a Enzyme Inhibitors: Competitive Inhibition Figure 5.7a–b Enzyme Inhibitors: Noncompetitive/Allosteric Inhibition Figure 5.7 a, c Enzyme Inhibitors: Feedback Inhibition Figure 5.8 chemical reactions • making or breaking of bonds between atoms – result in change in chemical energy – potential kinetic energy • exergonic reactions release energy A–B A Molecule AB Atom, ion, or molecule A + B Atom, ion, or molecule B • endergonic reactions absorb energy A Atom, ion, or molecule A + B Atom, ion, or molecule B A–B New molecule AB carbohydrate catabolism • the breakdown of carbohydrates to release energy – glycolysis • oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid, produces ATP and NADH – Krebs cycle • oxidation of acetyl CoA, produces NADH and FADH2 – electron transport chain • serial carrier molecules that are oxidized and reduced as electrons are passed down the chain • released energy can be used to produce ATP by chemiosmosis Photosynthesis • Photo: Conversion of light energy into chemical energy (ATP) – Light-dependent (light) reactions • Synthesis: – Carbon fixation: Fixing carbon into organic molecules – Light-independent (dark) reactions