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CONTROL OF BLOOD SUPPLY •CIRCULATORY •O2 AND CO2 TRANSPORT •WARM UP AND COOL DOWN – EFFECTS ON VASCULAR SYSTEM VENOUS RETURN VR IS THE DEOXYGENATED BLOOD RETURNING TO THE HEART FIVE MECHANISMS HELP MAINTAIN VR DURING EXERCISE: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. POCKET VALVES SKELETAL MUSCLE PUMP RESPIRATORY PUMP SMOOTH MUSCLE GRAVITY BLOOD POOLING • INSUFFICIENT PRESSURE TO PUSH BLOOD BACK TOWARDS THE HEART CAUSES BLOOD POOLING (BLOOD SITS IN POCKET VALVES OF VEINS) • ACTIVE COOL DOWN PREVENTS POOLING AFTER EXERCISE BY MAINTAINING THE MUSCLE AND RESPIRATORY PUMPS. STARLING’S LAW OF THE HEART • SV / Q IS DEPENDENT ON VR • IF VR INCREASES, SV / Q INCREASES • IF VR DECREASES, SV / Q DECREASES REDISTRIBUTION OF Q • AT REST 1. 15 – 20% OF RESTING Q GOES TO MUSCLES 2. 80-85% SUPPLIES BODY’S ORGANS (KIDNEYS, LIVER, STOMACH, INTESTINES) REDISTRIBUTION OF Q • EXERCISE 1. 2. 3. 4. 80-85% Q SUPPIED TO WORKING MUSCLES DECREASED % TO ORGANS BLOOD SUPPLY TO BRAIN MAINTAINED INCREASED BLOOD TO SKIN DURING LOW INTENSITY X – REDUCE BODY TEMP. REDISTRIBUTION OF Q – VASCULAR SHUNT SKELETAL MUSCLE ARTERIOLES AND PRE-CAPILLARY SPHINCTERS VASODILATE, INCREASE BLOOD TO WORKING MUSCLES ORGAN’S ARTERIOLES AND PRE-CAPILLARY SPHINTERS VASOCONSTRICT, DECREASING BLOOD FLOW TO ORGANS 5. 6. 7. VASOMOTOR CONTROL CENTRE • VASOMOTOR CONTROL CENTRE (VCC) LOCATED IN MEDULLA OBLONGATA • CHEMO AND BARORECEPTORS STIMULTATE VCC • VCC STIMULATES SYMPATHETIC NS, WHICH CONTROLS BLOOD VESSEL LUMEN DIAMETER OF ORGANS AND MUSCLES 02 TRANSPORTATION • 97% WITHIN PROTEIN HAEMOGLOBIN, PACKED WITH RBC’S, AS OXYHAEMOGLOBIN (Hb02) • 3% WITHIN BLOOD PLASMA C02 TRANSPORTATION • 70% DISSOLVED IN WATER A CARBONIC ACID • 23% CARBOAMINOHAEMOGLOBIN (HbCO2) • 7% DISSOLVED IN PLASMA WARM UP - VASCULAR • 1. 2. • 1. 2. • GRADUAL INCREASE IN BLOOD FLOW / Q DUE TO VASCULAR SHUNT: VASOCONTRICTION OF ARTERIOLES / PRE-CAPILLARY SPHINCTERS TO ORGANS VASODILATION OF MUSCLE ARTERIOLES / PRE-CAPILLARY SPHINCTERS INCREASING BLOOD FLOW TO MUSCLES INCREASED BODY TEMP / MUSCLE TEMP: INCREASING ENZYME ACTIVITY REQUIRED FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS DECREASES BLOOD VISCOSITY, IMPROVING BLOOD FLOW TO MUSCLES, INCREASING DISSOCIATION OF O2 FROM HAEMOGLOBIN DECREASED ONSET BLOOD LACTATE ACCUMULATION (OBLA) COOL DOWN - VASCULAR • • KEEPS METABOLIC ACTIVITY ELEVATED, WHICH GRADUALLY DECREASES HR AND RESPIRATION MAINTAINS RESPIRATORY / MUSCLE PUMP WHICH: 1. 2. 3. 4. PREVENTS BLOOD POOLING MAINTAINS VR MAINTAINS BLOOD FLOW (SV / Q) - SUPPLYING O2 MAINTAINS BLOOD PRESSURE • KEEPS CAPILLARIES DILATED TO FLUSH MUSCLES WITH OXYGENATED BLOOD WHICH: INCREASES THE REMOVAL OF BLOOD, MUSCLE LACTIC ACID AND CO2. 1. KEY WORDS SMOOTH MUSCLE VASODILATE VASOCONSTRICT VENODILATE VENOCONSTRICT PULMONARY SYSTEMIC POCKET VALVES VASCULAR SHUNT