Download Depending on C, where the

Jitka Škopová & Radek Marták
ALCOHOLS
Main characteristics:
Contains -OH hydroxyl group
• Common formula is R-OH
– alcohols: R is alkyl group (e. g. methyl, ethyl...)
– phenols: R is aryl (e. g. phenyl)
• Depending on C, where the -OH group is bonded:
– primary alcohol: R-OH
– secondary alcohol: R2-CHOH
– tertiary alcohols: R3COH - divided by the count of -OH
• monohydric – contain 1x –OH group
• polyhydric: 2x, 3x… -OH group
– polyhydric alcohol sever H2O to form ketone
Overview of alcoholes
How to prepare an alcohol?
• From natural resources:
– ethanol is formed by the fermentation of sugar
and then is distilled from a mixture (mostly
methanol and ethanol)
• Industrial production:
– from unsaturated hydrocarbons = water
addition on the double bond (catalyze by H2SO4
or H3PO4):
Some preparations
Some reactions
• main reaction is nucleophilic substitution
• example of oxidation
Usage
• as a solvent in industry
•raw material for other preparations
•e. g. ethanol can be very ecological fuel to engines in the
future (but it bond with water and it cause corrosion, however
we can dispatch this)
•they are very extended in nature in ester forms (e. g. fat, wax,
resin etc.)
•cleaning liquids
•sources of light and solid ethanol for cooking on holidays 
And well-known usage is…
• DRINKING 
– e. g. 10° beer has about 4% vol. of alcohol
– e. g. wine has about 12% vol. of alcohol
– e. g. tequila has about 38% vol. of alcohol
– e. g. absinth has about 75% vol. of alcohol
But you know this numbers, don‘t you?
Oh, but drinking alone is called alcoholism, so be
careful…
Vocabulary:
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monohydric, polyhydric – jedno (více) sytný
fermentation – kvašení
raw material – výchozí produkt
wax – vosk
resin – pryskyřice
dispatch – odstranit
tequila – tequila (Velice dobrá lihovina. Pije se buď s
citronem a solí, nebo skořicí a pomerančem .)
Děkujem za pozornost
nashledanou
Bye, bye