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How do we maximize performance from our PCs? Prepared by Yousef Debs ELEC 101 DECEMBER 5TH, 2007 CPUs Thermodynamics • Electronic thermodynamics show that CPUs run more efficiently under cold temperatures • Maximizing speeds and performance requires more voltage supplied to the CPU • More voltage = More heat • With extremely low temperatures, heat inefficiency is negated! • How do we get these freezing temperatures? Is LN2 Viable? • Liquid Nitrogen has been used to obtain the lowest temperatures • LN2 cost efficiency? Safety? Ready availability? • Phase Change cooling, the alternative • Based on principles of refrigeration (HVAC) What is Phase Change? • Just like an AC, refrigeration principles can be used to cool computers as well as rooms! • Phase Change refers to the evaporation of refrigerant in the unit’s evaporator • Gas is compressed back to liquid • Liquid is cooled, and evaporated at extremely low temperatures (R22 @ -42F) • How do we get an AC into a PC? Components Evaporator • The evaporator is the CPU heatsink • Common OEM Computers have air cooled (fan powered) heatsinks to moderate temperatures • In a Phase change unit, the evap. block is the heatsink – freezing cold refrigerant is pushed through to cool the CPU at amazingly low temperatures Heatsink Vs. Evaporator Standard Heatsink/Fan Acrylic/Copper Evaporator How does this work with a PC? …Continued Is there a market for this? • Phase change and watercooling are extremely popular in computer/overclocking enthusiasm • Prometeia and Vapochill • Retail value of Phase Change coolers is $600 Temperatures • Vapochill and Prometeia advertise a full load CPU core voltage of approximately -20oC to -40oC! • With these temperatures, almost double the stock voltage can be applied to the CPU, maximizing clock and bus speeds. Results? • Intel Quad Core Extreme Overclock • Stock Frequency is 3.0ghz @ 1.35V • This is an overclock of 175% @ 1.65V • Cooler core temp. allows for more efficient gain on voltage rise Conclusions • Catered to enthusiasts, but a viable option for high performance computing • LN2 and other alternatives are sparse, dangerous, and impractical • Phase change cooling can be fit into a large ATX case form factor • Extreme cooling allows users to maximize their PCs performance (Gaming)
