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Workplace Laws and Ethics Ethics • Ethics: The science of morals. • From the Greek ēthos meaning personal disposition. • From the prehistoric swedh meaning how oneself is put, what a person does. Ethics • Also called moral philosophy. • The field of ethics involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior. • Moral: Conforming to standards of what is right or just in behavior. • Philosophy: Investigation of the nature, causes, or principles of reality, knowledge, or values, based on logical reasoning. Ethics and the Law • From the preceding slide it is obvious that laws (and other codes, rules, etc.) are highly related to ethical, moral, philosophical, religious, economic, and political ideals. • Is there any natural foundation for these ideals? Are any of these ideals self-evident? • Is right random? Is right simply what the majority or whomever is in power wants? Management and the Law • The classical management duties are things such as planning, organizing, controlling, and directing. Other things such as budgeting, leading, facilitating, negotiating, and problem solving are also common elements of managing. • Can you see how the law, morals, ethics, and philosophy are related to the above? Blanchard’s Ethical Decision Making Criteria • Is it legal? • Is it balanced (fair to all involved)? • How will it make me feel about myself? Ethical Codes or Creeds • Almost all groups (professional, religious, social, avocational, etc.) have a, more or less, official creed, code of ethics, behavior, etc. • Ditto for individuals. • What is yours? • Does your personal code fit your profession’s? Ethical Models • Following are some common types of ethical models that a group or individual can use. • Think about which one you personally adhere to (if any) and which your employer or profession adheres to (if any). Ethical Models For action and decision making • Black and white: Everything is either right or wrong. Do right. • Full-disclosure: If the organization or individual can explain itself to constituents or stakeholders the action is OK. • Doctrine of the mean: Belief that the middle ground between extremes is always right. Ethical Models For action and decision making • Golden rule: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. • Market ethic: Anything that is legal and profitable is correct. • Equal freedom: You can do whatever you want as long as it doesn't infringe on others. Ethical Models For action and decision making • Proportionality: Seldom is anything clearly right or wrong. Try to make the goods outweigh the bads. • Professional: What would peers do? Do peers think that what you are doing is OK? Hayden Contentions • Do the right thing. • Be proactive. • Focus on essential job attributes. – In job descriptions and duties – In selecting and placing employees • Don’t use non-essential job attributes, especially protected factors, in your decisions. What’s in a Name • • • • • • • Laws Rules Specs Criteria Ordinances Agreements Codes Why Laws • Level playing field • Know the rules of the game • Proceed with an agenda or achieve a goal – Whose agenda or goal? • Because the law backs up a good or a truth – What is good; what is true? Who is in Charge of the Law • • • • • • • Nature God A government entity An organization, gang, cartel, association The individual Who creates the law or rule? Who interprets it; who enforces it? Who or What is Covered by the Law • • • • Matter and energy Everyone? Some categories or classes Participants – Can you opt in? – Can you opt out? – Is participation voluntary or required? Universality? Law Soup