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Pest Management
Essential Standard 8.00Compare distinguishing
chrematistics of pest.
Objective 8.01
• Discuss the anatomy and life
cycle of pest.
What is an insect?
• Small animals that have three
body regions and three pairs of
legs equaling six legs
• Body regions
– head
– thorax
– abdomen
Types of Insects
• The five types of mouthparts are
important in identifying and
controlling insects.
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Chewing
Piercing-sucking
Rasping-sucking
Siphoning
Sponging
Chewing Insects
• Insects tear, chew or grind food
• Examples
–
–
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grasshopper
Beetle
Cutworms
Caterpillars
• Damage by chewing insects includes
tearing, chewing, or grinding all
parts of the plant
Piercing-Sucking
Insects
• Punctures plant and sucks the sap
usually from underside of the leaves or
the stem
• Examples
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Aphids
Mealy bugs
Mites
Scale
whiteflies
• Damage causes yellow spotted leaves
which result in stunted growth
Rasping-Sucking insects
• Rasps or breaks surface and
sucks sap
• Example
– thrips
• Damaged plant tissue becomes
speckled and white
Siphoning insects
• Have a coiled tube they dip into
liquid food such as nectar and
draw it in
• Example
– butterflies
• Siphoning insects do little to no
damage to the plant
Sponging Insects
• Have two sponge-like structures
that collect liquid food and move
it into the food canal
• Example
– houseflies
• Sponging insects can carry germs
or diseases that can damage
plants
Life Cycles
• Complete metamorphosis has four
stages
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egg
larva-worms or caterpillars
Pupa- resting stage
adult-flies, beetles, etc.
Life Cycles
• Incomplete metamorphosis has three
stages
– egg
– Nymph- baby insect
– Adult
• Insects must be killed when they are
feeding or actively moving on the plant
Life Cycles
Chewing Insects
• Parts of leaves are eaten away
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beetles
cutworms
caterpillars
grasshoppers
Chewing Insects
• Beetles
– eat leaves, stems, flowers, fruit and
nuts
• Cutworms
– usually attack stems, but may eat
other plant parts
Chewing Insects
• Caterpillars
–
–
–
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larva of moths and butterflies
fuzzy or hairy
eat young leaves and stems
roll up in leaves making leaves curl
• Grasshoppers
– eat all parts of plants
Sucking Insects
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Aphids
Leaf bugs
Mealy bugs
Scale
Thrips
Whiteflies
Aphids
• Pierce and suck juices
• known as plant lice
• cause stunted growth and yellow
spotted leaves
• causes sticky substances and
black mold
• will attract ants
Aphids
Leaf Bugs
• Cause plants to look unhealthy
• plants will lose their normal color
and wilt
Leaf Bugs
Mealy Bugs
• Pierce and suck from underside
of leaves and in leaf axils causing
yellow appearance and sticky
secretions
Mealy bugs
Scale
• Appear as black or brown raised
lumps attached to stems and
underside of leaves causing yellow
leaves and stunted growth
Scale
Thrips
• Chew and then suck causing plant
tissue to become speckled or
whitened, leaf tip to wither, curl
up, or die
Thrips
Whiteflies
• Feed on underside of young leaves
causing yellowing
• will look like flying little white
specks when plants are shaken
Whiteflies
Mites
• Attack underside of leaves
causing gray to grayish-green
spots
• severe infestations cause
webbing
Mites