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Attracting Butterflies To A Garden Butterflies have four main stages during their life cycle. It is important to create a garden that is attractive to all stages. There are five steps to creating a garden that will attract butterflies. • Create physical conditions that will provide a butterfly with a safe and comfortable habitat. • Appeal to a butterfly’s senses. • Provide a good menu for both caterpillars and adults. • Encourage reproduction by providing plants that are good for caterpillars. Physical Conditions A healthy butterfly environment includes several important elements. • Sunlight- butterflies need a sunny area to stay warm • No pesticides • Mud puddle- mud contains minerals that are important for a butterfly’s diet • Dark colored rocks- when a butterfly gets cold, it will sit on a rock in full sun to warm up • Trees with large leaves- leaves provide shelter from weather as well as a place to lay eggs Appealing to Senses • Touch- warm surfaces (like dark stones) • Taste- plants that caterpillars will eat and flowers that butterflies will drink • Smell- fragrant flowers • See- Butterflies see in cool colors. The center of a warmcolored flower looks blue or purple, acting like a target showing the butterfly where to drink nectar. Good Menu Certain plants attract certain species of butterflies. Butterfly bushes are a popular garden plant, but they are an invasive species that attract stink bugs. Fresh fruit like oranges and watermelon will also attract butterflies. Encouraging Reproduction Butterflies lay their eggs on plants that their caterpillars will eat once they hatch. If you plant it, they will come. Butterflies Native To Maryland Maryland is home to 151 known species of butterflies. In the next few slides, you will see pictures of Maryland natives, including some of the plants their caterpillars are known to eat. Monarch vs. Viceroy These two insects are a good example of mimicry. Monarch caterpillars eat milkweed, which makes them taste terrible throughout their lifecycle. The Viceroy adult looks almost exactly like an adult Monarch, but doesn’t taste as bad. Viceroy caterpillars feed on members of the willow tree family. Black Swallowtail Tiger Swallowtail herbs (parsley, dill) tulip tree, sweet bay, black cherry, ash, poplar, birch, aspen, choke cherry Spicebush Swallowtail Buckeye spicebushes toadflax, plantains, snapdragon Cabbage White Cloudless Sulfur cabbage, brocolli, brussel sprouts clover Painted Lady Red Spotted Purple thistle, mallow, hollyhock cherry, poplar, aspen; Adults love raw apples Eastern Tailed Blue Spring Azure clover dogwood, viburnum, blueberry Question Mark Red Admiral elm, hackberry, hops, nettles nettles Mourning Cloak Little Wood Satyr willow, aspen, elm, cottonwood, birch grasses, sedges Silver Spotted Skipper honey locust, bush clover Baltimore Checkerspot This is our state butterfly. It is extremely endangered because it’s only food source is the Turtlehead, a rare plant that deer find extremely tasty.