* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Characteristics of Seed Plants
Survey
Document related concepts
Plant stress measurement wikipedia , lookup
Plant physiology wikipedia , lookup
Plant nutrition wikipedia , lookup
Philodendron wikipedia , lookup
Flowering plant wikipedia , lookup
Plant morphology wikipedia , lookup
Evolutionary history of plants wikipedia , lookup
Ornamental bulbous plant wikipedia , lookup
Plant reproduction wikipedia , lookup
Plant evolutionary developmental biology wikipedia , lookup
Verbascum thapsus wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Characteristics of Seed Plants EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? Seed Plants • Most common type of plant on Earth • All seed plants share 2 characteristics – Vascular tissue – Use seeds to reproduce EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? Vascular Tissue • Two types – Phloem – vascular tissue through which food moves – Xylem – tissue through which water and nutrient move EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? Seeds EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? • Structures that contain a young plant inside a protective covering • Different from seedless plants in that they do not need water for sperm to travel Three parts to a Seed • Embryo • Stored food • Seed coat EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? Embryo • Young plant that develops from the zygote • Already has the beginnings of root, stem and leaves Cotyledons • Food stored inside one or two seed leaves • Embryo uses food stored in seed to help it continue to grow EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? Seed Coat • Outer covering of seed • Acts like plastic wrap and keeps the seed and its food from drying out • Allows seed to remain dormant for a long time EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? Needs of Seeds – Light – Water – Nutrients EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? Seed Dispersal • Scattering of seeds • Dispersed many ways – Animals • digestion • fur or people’s clothing – Water – Wind – Some plants shoot out their seeds EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? Germination • Early growth stage of the embryo • Steps to germination EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? – Seed absorbs water from the environment – Embryo uses stored food to begin to grow – Embryo’s roots grow down, then leaves and stem grow upward Germination • Seeds which are dispersed far away from the parent have a better chance of survival because it does not have to compete for nutrients, light and water EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? Leaves • Most numerous part to a plant • Role – capture the sun’s energy and carry out the food making process of photosynthesis Leaf Structure • Bottom and top layers which protect cells • Leaf veins that contain the xylem and phloem • Stomata – – underside of leaf has small pores or openings – Opens and closes to control the amount of gas that enters and leaves the leaf EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? Leaf and Photosynthesis • Top layer of leaf contains chloroplasts • Chlorophyll in the chloroplasts trap sun’s energy EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? Leaf and Photosynthesis • Carbon Dioxide enters the leaf through the stomata • Water, which is absorbed by the plants roots, travels up to plant through xylem • Sugar and oxygen are produced from the CO2 and H2O. EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? Leaf and Photosynthesis • Oxygen exits leaf through stomata • Sugar enters the phloem and then travels throughout the plant EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? Controlling Water Loss • Transpiration – process by which water evaporates from a plant’s leaves • Plants slow down transpiration by closing the stomata EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? Stems • Two important functions – Carries substances between roots and leaves – Supports plant so leaves are exposed to the sun EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? Structure of a Stem • Two types of stems – Herbaceous – soft and flexible – Woody-hard and rigid • Both types contain phloem and xylem EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? Woody Stems EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? • Bark - added layer of protection • Heartwood – inner layers for additional support Layers of a Woody Stem EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? 1. Bark 2. Phloem 3. Cambium -cells that produce new phloem and xylem 4. Active xylem 5. Heartwood- inactive xylem 6. Pith – center of stem, stores food and water in young trees Annual Rings • Represent one year in a tree’s growth • Made of xylem – Light rings grow in spring – Dark rings grow in summer • Two rings together make one year’s growth EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? Roots • Anchor plants • Absorb water and nutrients EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? Types of Roots • 2 types EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? – Taproot – long thick root with thin roots branching off – carrot, radish, dandelion, cactus – Fibrous- several main roots that branch repeatedly – lawn, corn, trees Structure of Root • Root cap – contains dead cells, protects root from injury • Dividing cells – cause root to lengthen • Root hairs – grow out of root surface – increases the surface area of the roots • Cambium • Vascular tissue in center EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? Class Work and Homework • Fill In – What did I learn – Confused – Say EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?