Download Chapter 4: Plants

Chapter 4: Plants
Mrs. Campogni
Vocabulary
 Photosynthesis
 Xylem
 Phloem
 Pollen
 Pollination
 Embryo
 Spore
 Tropism
 Growth hormone
Photosynthesis is the process that
plants and some other organisms use
to make sugar for food.
A grainy, often yellow powder,
made in a plant’s tissue at the
top of each stamen is called
pollen.
These tubes carry materials
from the roots to the leaves.
They are called the xylem.
Phloem tissues are tubes that
carry sugar away from the
leaves to the rest of the plant.
Moving pollen from the stamen
to the pistil is called pollination.
Pollination takes place in different ways.
Wind can move pollen.
Water can move pollen.
Insects going from flower to flower can
move pollen.
Bats going from flower to flower can move
pollen.
Birds going from flower to flower can move
pollen.
A seed is made of three main
parts, the seed coat, embryo,
and endosperm.
Bean Seed
An embryo has structures called
seed leaves or cotyledons.
Seeds with ONE cotyledon are called
monocots.
Seeds with TWO cotyledons are called
dicots.
Spreading Seeds
Animals can spread seeds when they eat
berries. The berry seeds pass through
their digestive systems.
Some seeds such as the
coconut can float on ocean
currents and be carried for
many miles.
Burrs can get tangled on an
animal’s fur and may be carried
far away from the parent plant.
Once the seed is moved from the parent
plant, the embryo will stay in the seed until
the outside conditions, such as temperature
and moisture, are right.
Mosses and ferns are plants that do not make
flowers. The life cycles of these plants have 2
parts.
Part I: Fertilization
Part II: Reproduction
A plant spore is a single plant cell that can
develop into a new plant.
Examples of plants with spores = moss and ferns
Tropisms are ways that plants
change their direction of growth
in response to the environment.
It often occurs when the
environment changes the
amount that cells grow on
different sides of a plant.
A growth hormone is a kind of
chemical that affects plant
growth. These chemicals cause
more cells to grow in the plant.
These chemicals can also make
plant cells grow larger. Plants
make their own growth
hormones.
Sunlight supplies the energy need for
photosynthesis. The process is often written
as:
Carbon dioxide
Sunlight energy
Sugar
Water
Oxygen
Parts of a flower
Can you answer the
following questions?
Record your answers
in your science journal.
Q. 1: In what part of the plant does photosynthesis occur? (page 96)
Q. 2: Thousands of sugars combine in plants to form what chemical?
(page 96)
Q. 3: Plants that have a xylem and a phloem are called _____ plants.
(page 98)
Q. 4: Name two types of root systems. Provide a definition for each.
(page 100)
Q. 5: Why are roots important to plants? List three reasons. (page 101)
Q. 6: What is the difference between a pistil and a stamen? (page 102)
Q. 7: List the eight parts of a flower. Provide a definition of each. Draw a
diagram of a flower and label the parts. (pages 102-103)