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EC 4001 Communication Engineering II
EC 4001
Module
Code
4.0
Credits
GPA/NGPA GPA
Module
Title
Total
Hours
Communication Engineering II
55hrs
Lectures
Lab/Assignt 15hrs
PreRequisites
Communication
Engineering I
Aims:To provide students with anadvanced knowledge of the principles of modern communication
systems including fixed, mobile and multi-media network.
Learning Outcomes:
Theories and concepts of communication.
Syllabus:
Outcome 1 : Noise in digital communications systems
The amplitude distribution function of white noise
Statistical decision theory
Decision errors in PCM
Decision errors in carrier-modulated data signals
Matched filtering and correlation detection
Error detection and correction
The cyclic redundancy check mechanism
Convolutional codes
Multiple decisions
Outcome 2:Digital transmission, line coding andmodulation
Advantages of PCM.
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a demodulated PCM signal.
Non-linear quantization and companding ( A-law)
Bit error ratio (BER)
Digital signal regeneration
Error accumulation over multi-hop links using linear amplifiers orregenerative repeaters between
hops.
Line codes (unipolar, polar, dipolar and bipolar (AMI), RZ, NRZ line codes)
HDB3, CMI and nBmT line codes.
Band-pass modulation.
Amplitude shift keying (ASK),frequency shift keying (FSK), phase shift keying (PSK), spectra and
constellation diagrams
Mathematical and geometrical representation of baseband andmodulated signals for analysis and
design of communication systems.
Principle of Spread Spectrum and error performance of DS-SS andFH-SS systems under jamming
and broadband noise.
Outcome 3: High-frequency transmission lines
Voltage and current relationships on the line
Line parameters
Characteristic impedance
Reflection from the load
Reflection coefficient ρ
Sending-end impedance
Lines of low loss
Lossless lines
Quarter-wave transformer
Stubs
Standing waves
Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR)
Impedance at a voltage minimum and at a voltage maximum
Load impedance on a lossless line
Smith transmission line chart
Stub matching
Single-stub matching
Double-stub matching
Derivation of the Smith chart
Travelling waves on lossless line
Wave equation for a lossless transmission line
Outcome4: Antennas
Radiation pattern (polar diagram)
Lobes
Beamwidth
Antenna impedance and bandwidth
Gain
Field due to a filament of current
Induction field
Radiation field
Power radiated from a current element
Radiation pattern of a short dipole
Antenna arrays
Two-element array
Linear arrays
Pattern multiplication
Antenna matching
Parasitic elements
Microwave antennas
Parabolic reflector
Horn antennas
Dielectric lens
Microstrip antennas
Outcome 5: Optical fiber systems:

Introduction
-
Optical Region Wavelength
Visible Range

Optical Fiber

Optical Sources

Types(PIN,APD)
Characteristics
Optical Amplifiers

Types of light emission(Spontaneous & Stimulated)
Used materials and properties
LED characteristics & function
LASER Characteristics & Types(DFB)
Optical Detectors

Construction of fiber optic transmission lines
Component parts of an optical fiber
Materials used in the manufacture of the core and cladding for fiber
optic transmission lines
Characteristics of optical fiber
Types of optical fiber
Application of Snell’s law
Relevance of the Numerical Aperture (NA)and critical angle of
incidence
Characteristics of various forms of optical fibers(Single Mode, MultiMode, Step Index, Graded Index)
Refractive index profile for each type of optical fiber
Types(EDFA & Semiconductor Optical Amplifier)
Characteristics
Terminating/Splicing
Outcome 6:Wave propagation
Signal propagation
diffraction; refraction; reflection; multipath propagation; fading; radio horizon; k factor
Spreading loss, free-space path loss, flat earth path loss and interference patterns due to ground
reflection.
Microwave or millimetre-wave link budgets for point-to-point terrestrial links.
Multipath fading and diversity reception in the context of a radio link.
Optical fibre transmission, propagation of signal through fibres, problem of dispersion and
attenuation, optical sources, detectors and amplifiers.
Optical fibre link budgets.
Active microwave devices
Klystron
Two-cavity klystron
Reflex klystron
Magnetron
Travelling-wave tube (TWT)
Solid-state devices
Gunn diode
IMPATT diode
Field –effect transistors
Outcome 7:Mobile Communication and Basics of Cellular Communication
 Modes of communication(Simplex, Half duplex, Full duplex)
 Cordless telephony ,Digital enhanced Cordless Telecommunication(DECT)
 Non cellular mobile telephony(repeater assisted and point to point)
 Evolution of Cellular Communication(1G,2G,2.5G,3G,3.5G,4G)
 Introduction to Cellular network(Base station, Mobile switching center MSC/VLR,HLR)
 Cellular architecture(Cells, Cluster, center, Hand over ,Frequency reuse)
 Other wireless technologies(IR, Blue tooth,wi-fi,wimax)
 Telecommunication regulation on mobile application( Bandwidth allocation, guard band,gain)
 Internal architecture of Mobile Station(cellular / Handheld)
Outcome 8: Broadband telecommunication technologies
Definition of Broadband
Wired Broadband Technologies
 Comparing Different Standards
(xDSL –ADSL,ADSL 2, ADSL2+, SDSL, HDSL, SHDSL, RADSL, VDSL,VDSL2)
 ADSL
 Equipments
 Modulation
 Frequency spectrum
 Advantages and disadvantages
 Broadband Optical Access
 Active and Passive optical network
 FTTx-FTTC,FTTN,FTTB,FTTH
Wireless Technology
 Wi-Fi
 Wimax
 3G ,4G
Satellite Broadband
Outcome 9: Microwave radio relay and satellites systems:
 Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP)
 Operation of parabolic dish antenna
 Effective aperture of a parabolic dish antenna and offset antennas
 Free space path loss
 Block (system) diagram of a microwave radio (line-of-sight) repeater system and functions
 Multiplexing and multiple access arrangements
 Orbit characteristics(GEO, MEO, LEO); look angle calculations; antenna footprints;
 Typical subsystems
 Diagram of a satellite transponder and functions
 Earth station equipment
 Very Small Aperture Satellites (VSATs) in national / international communication
 Global Positioning System(GPS)
Introduction to Radar /Sonar technology
Cascading/Group antennas
Assessment:
Continuous Assessment-30%
Labs , Assignments, Case studies, field visits etc.
Final examination -70%