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Doney (2010)
The Growing Human Footprint on Coastal
and Open-Ocean Biogeochemistry
Science 328, 1512
Fig. 1 Schematic of human impacts on ocean biogeochemistry either directly via fluxes of
material into the ocean (colored arrows) or indirectly via climate change and altered ocean
circulation (black arrows).
S C Doney Science 2010;328:1512-1516
Published by AAAS
Westerly winds above the ACC push cold
Fresh surface waters away to the north and draw
up warmer, saltier water that is low in O2
and nutrients.
The bands of westerly winds separate the
warm air in the tropics from the cold air over the
poles. The thermal gradient drives the winds.
Stratospheric ozone influences the temperature gradient
Toggweiler and Russell (2008) Nature 451, 286
hwww.youtube.comttp:///watch?v=H2mZyCblxS4
Fig. 2 Time series of (top) atmospheric CO2 and surface ocean pCO2 and (bottom) surface
ocean pH at the atmospheric Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO) on the island of Hawai‘i and Station
ALOHA in the subtropical North Pacific north of Hawai‘i, 1988–2008.
S C Doney Science 2010;328:1512-1516
Published by AAAS
Fig. 3 Model estimated deposition fluxes of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen (mol N m−2 year−1)
to the ocean surface for oxidized forms (NOy), primarily from fossil fuel combustion sources,
and reduced forms (NHx) primarily from agricultural sources.
S C Doney Science 2010;328:1512-1516
Published by AAAS
Changing Ocean Chemistry (and Biology)
Kim et al (2011) Increasing N Abundance in the Northwestern Pacific
Due to Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition. Science 334, 505-509
Fig. 4 Decadal change in subsurface O2 from 1994 to 2004 along 30°N in the North Pacific with
positive values indicating an increase in apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) and a decline in O2
(μmol kg−1); contour plot is overlaid by mixed-layer depths (green line) and potential density
surfaces (pink) (48).
S C Doney Science 2010;328:1512-1516
Published by AAAS
Pb in the North Atlantic at Bermuda (coral and water data)
From Kelly et al (2009) EPSL 283, 93