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Transcript
Chapter 2: Nutrient Cycles and Energy Flow What is an ecosystem? All the interacting parts of a biological community and its environment System: A group of separate but related items that work together as a whole Eco: Concerned with living things in relation to their environment The study of how organisms interact with Ecology: each other and their environment In this context, sustainable means To endure To support What does that mean? In this context, sustainable means To endure: to continue in the same state To support: to support a wide variety of organisms All organisms require sustainable ecosystems for survival What about Easter Island? Easter Island is in the South Pacific Ocean, about 1/3 of the way from South America to New Zealand. Some organisms require more than one ecosystem for survival Can you think of an example? Canada geese Some are enormous Boreal forest in Ontario Large land mass Some are small Rotting log Pond Every ecosystem has biotic and abiotic parts Biotic: living parts of an ecosystem Ex: plants, animals, fungi, micro-organisms (protists, bacteria) Abiotic: non-living parts of an ecosystem Ex: water, oxygen, light, nutrients and soil Includes all living things in the ecosystem and their interactions 1. 2. 3. Symbiosis Predation Competition Def: the interaction between members of 2 different species that live together in close association Examples? Amazing Cooperation! Def: when one organism consumes another for food The relationship between predator and prey can influence the population of both and can affect the entire ecosystem What happens when there are more predators? Excellent senses to find their prey and special abilities to capture the prey Sight and hearing – Predatory birds Smell – Mammals Many predators are very fast, and use their speed to help capture their prey. Cheetahs Falcons Dolphins and barracudas Most species are potential prey Even lions and wolves can fall victim when they are very young. Most species possess several lines of defense against predators Avoid detection - minimize noise and visual cues Camouflage coloration - difficult for visual predators Remain as still as possible Def: when 2 or more organisms compete for the same resource, such as food, in the same location at the same time Dandelions amid grass Block out light Soak up water, nutrients from soil Competition can influence the population size and success of a group Sometimes, one group will outcompete another group of the same organism What are they? Water: Oxygen: Light: Nutrients: Soil: Why are they important? Water: survival, body temp regulation, excretion Oxygen: crucial for life processes Light: photosynthesis, crucial for producers Nutrients: individual organism’s growth Soil: nutrients for plants, habitat for microorganisms Head outside to investigate abiotic and biotic features: You will work in groups of 3-4(max) You will need: Lab sheet Pencil I’ll provide the rest!