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Species Diversity Questions for Today What is Species Diversity? What is the difference between Species Richness and Species Evenness? What is the Theory of Island Biogeography? How Does Species richness affect Biodiversity? What is Species Diversity? Species Diversity is the number of different species an ecosystem contains (species richness) combined with the relative abundance of individuals within each of those species (species evenness). – Species Diversity is as major component of biodiversity. What is Species Diversity? Species Diversity varies with their Geographic Location: – Terrestrial plants and animals Highest towards the equator and lessens as we head to the poles – Aquatic Plants and animals Highest where there is more sun available. Species Richness vs. Evenness A coral reef with many different types of species but at a low number would be described as having high species richness but low evenness A aspen forest with only aspen trees and a few individuals but at a high number would be described as having low species richness but high evenness. Variations in Species Richness and Species Evenness The Theory of Island Biogeography Created by Robert MacArthur and Edward O. Wilson. States that the number of different species found on an island is determined by the interactions of two factors: – The rate at which new species migrate to the island – The rate at which species go extinct on the island. The Theory of Island Biogeography The Model project that at some point in time, immigration rate and extinction rate will balance out. – Scientists can then determine the average number of different species over time. The Theory of Island Biogeography Two features affect the immigration and extinction of species on an island: – Island Size – Distance from the Mainland Remember the Lizard Lab! How does Species Richness affect Biodiversity? High Species Richness creates a more stable environment – More Producers More NPP – More complex food chains and webs Allows organism to adapt to environmental stresses – Able to bounce back from catastrophes better.