Download 2010 - The Global Biodiversity Challenge

2010 – The Global Biodiversity Challenge
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CBD
Introduction
Objectives
CBD as an adequate framework
Expected output
The Strategic Plan for the Convention on
Biological Diversity (2002)
Achieve by 2010 a significant reduction of the current
rate of biodiversity loss at the global, regional and
national level as a contribution to poverty alleviation
and to the benefit of all life on earth
CBD
Ggg
Rationale
CBD
Biological diversity
• Genes, genomes
Examples of elements to be assessed
• Number of varieties, cultivars and breeds;
ecotypes; LMOs
• Species, populations,
• Population size (number of individuals;
communities
• Ecosystems, habitats
biomass or volume; density); species
richness; number of endemic species
• coverage (e.g. vegetation, coral reefs);
standing biomass; extent and amount of
ecological services that can be provided
CBD
Microorganisms
Plants & animals
Habitats
Biological diversity
• Animal and plant genetic resources for
• Genes, genomes
food and agriculture (FAO, ITPGRFA,
CGIAR); GMOs/LMOs (Biotech
industry); local & indigenous communities
• Species, populations,
communities
• Ecosystems, habitats
Microorganisms
CBD
Plants & animals
Habitats
• Migratory species (CMS); Red lists
(IUCN); endangered species (CITES,
GRASP); invasive species (GISP); birds
(Birdlife Int’l); keystone species;
medicinal plants; Species 2000 (???);
WWF, indicator species
• Wetlands (Ramsar); Biosphere reserves
(UNESCO); hot spots (Conservation
Int’l); protected areas (WCPA); forest
(CPF); soil biology (TSBF); coral reefs
(ICRI); WHC; agroecosystems (UNU,
FAO, CGIAR)
Biodiversity provides goods and
services that underpin sustainable
development
Services such as
• provision of freshwater,
• soil conservation and climate stability.
Goods such as
• food, fiber, fuel
• medicines, shelter, building materials
• materials for industry: agriculture,
cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, pulp and
paper, horticulture, construction and
waste treatment , tourism
Biodiversity is also at the heart of many
cultural values.
CBD
Biodiversity is being lost at increasing
rates
At the genetic level
• 75% crop genetic diversity lost in past century
At the species level
• 20% freshwater fish species are extinct, threatened of endangered in
recent decades
• 75 % marine fish stocks are depleted, overexploited or at biological
limit
• 24% mammals and 12% birds threatened
At the ecosystem level
• 50% wetlands drained
• 33% coral reefs destroyed or degraded
• Historically, hot spots: 12% of earth’s land; today only 1.4 %
• 17 M ha forests are cleared annually in tropics
5-10% forest species can face extinction in 30 years
+/- 900 M people affected by biodiversity loss
GBO, WRI and WEHAB WG 2002
CBD
MA Conceptual Framework
The threats must be addressed
Scale 3
Scale 2
Scale 1
Primary Drivers
 Demographic Change
 Economic Change (incl
globalization, trade, market, &
policy framework)
 Social and Political Change
(incl governance, institutional,
& legal framework)
 Technological change
 Lifestyle and Behavioral
change
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Proximate Drivers
Demand
Wellbeing & Poverty
Reduction
Health and disease
Environmental Security
Cultural Security
Economic Security
Equity
 Climate Change & Natural
disasters
 Land Use & Cover Change
 Factor inputs (e.g.,
irrigation, fertilizers)
 Pollution
 Harvest
 Nutrient Release
 Species Introductions
Ecosystems & their
Services
 Supporting (Biodiversity
and ecosystem processes)
 Provisioning (Food, water,
fiber, fuel, other biological
products)
 Enriching (Cultural,
aesthetic)
= Strategies and Interventions
From MA
CBD
CBD
UNEP-WCMC
UNDP
with
Governments of the UK and the Netherlands
TNC, Birdlife International and RSPB
CBD
2010 - The Global Biodiversity Challenge:
Objectives
• Understand biodiversity loss and its impacts,
and measure the rate of loss
• Explore and identify how existing and
proposed initiatives for the conservation of
biodiversity could address the 2010 target
• Explore and identify how to report on
progress and achievements
CBD
The Convention provides an adequate framework
and tools for achieving the 2010 biodiversity target
• Ratifications
• Provisions of the Convention and its Protocol
on Biosafety
• Decisions of the Conference of the Parties
• WSSD Plan of Implementation and relevance
of MDGs
CBD
Convention on Biological Diversity
• 1992: UNCED in Rio de Janeiro
• 1993 : Entry into force
• 187 Contracting Parties
• 2002 WSSD in Johannesburg: Support sustainable development
and poverty eradication (WEHAB, WSSD Plan of
Implementation and Millennium Development Goals)
• Objectives:
 Conservation of biological diversity
 Sustainable use of biodiversity
 Fair and equitable sharing of benefits
CBD
Articles
• 42 Articles
• The Preamble and Articles 1 to 5 describe the overall aims of
the Convention and the context in which the instrument
operates
• Articles 6 to 20 contain the substantive commitments or
promises that Parties have agreed to in ratifying the
Convention
• Articles 21 to 27 mainly deal with institutional structure and
reporting
• Article 28 onwards deal with procedural and housekeeping
matters, such as amendment of the text of the Convention,
adoption of protocols, etc.
In addition: Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (2000)
CBD
Programmes of work and other areas of work
Thematic areas
([Programmes of work)
Agricultural biodiversity
Dry and sub-humid lands
Forest biodiversity
Inland waters biodiversity
Marine and coastal
biodiversity
Mountain biodiversity
[Island biodiversity]
CBD
Cross cutting issues
(]Guidelines)
Ecosystem approach
Global strategy for plant conservation
Protected areas
Monitoring and indicators
Sustainable use
Invasive alien species
Article 8(j)
Climate change and biodiversity
Technology transfer
Tourism development
Incentive measures
Access and benefit sharing Economics
and trade
Public education and awareness
Programmes of work
Targeted actions:
Conservation, sustainable use,
benefit sharing
Knowledge, assessment and
monitoring
CBD
Institutional and
socioeconomic enabling
environment
Programmes of work and other areas of work
Thematic areas
([Programmes of work)
Agricultural biodiversity
Dry and sub-humid lands
Forest biodiversity
Inland waters biodiversity
Marine and coastal
biodiversity
Mountain biodiversity
[Island biodiversity]
CBD
Cross cutting issues
(]Guidelines)
Ecosystem approach
Global strategy for plant conservation
Protected areas
Monitoring and indicators
Sustainable use
Invasive alien species
Article 8(j)
Climate change and biodiversity
Technology transfer
Tourism development
Incentive measures
Access and benefit sharing Economics
and trade
Public education and awareness
Ecosystem approach
Strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living
resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an
equitable way
 Humans are an integral component of many ecosystems.
 Ecosystem = dynamic complex of plants, animals and micro-organisms and
their non-living environment interacting as a functional unit.
 Adaptive management required to deal with complexity, dynamism and
uncertainty
 Spatial and temporal scale is determined by the problem being addressed.
 Conservation of ecosystem structure and functioning is priority target to
maintain ecosystem goods and services
 Ecosystem approach is primary framework and could integrate other
CBD
approaches
Global Strategy for Plant Conservation
A pilot approach within the context of the Strategic Plan
• 16 outcome-oriented global targets for 2010 that
can contribute to poverty alleviation and sustainable
development
• National and/or regional targets to be developed
and included in NBSAPs, according to national
priorities and capacities and regional differences
• Development of sub-targets or milestones,
• Development of baseline data and indicators
• Need for capacity-building and financial resources
CBD
Objective 1
Understand biodiversity loss and its impacts, and
measure the rate of loss
Article 7 :
• Identification of
important components for
conservation and
sustainable use (Articles 8
to 10)
• Monitor in particular
those requiring urgent
measures and those of
greatest potential
• Identification of processes
and categories of activities
having potential adverse
impacts
• Organization of
databases.
CBD
COP
• Assessment of status and
trends (UNCCD, CMS,
CITES, GBO, GBA, WRI,
FRA/FAO, IUCN, WCMC,
GMBA, ICRI/GCRMN,
GIWA, MA etc.)
• Pilot assessments (e.g.
invasives)
• Rapid assessment methods
(inland , marine and coastal
biodiversity/ Ramsar, CI etc)
• Work on indicators (OECD,
CPF)
• Guidelines on EIA and SEA
(IAIA, Ramsar and IUCN)
• Global Taxonomy initiative
• Capacity building and funding
Objective 2
How ongoing and proposed biodiversity
conservation initiatives could address the 2010 target
• Art. 8: In-situ
conservation
• Art. 9: Ex-situ
conservation
• Art. 10: Sustainable
use
• Articles 11 to 19:
Enabling
environment
CBD
COP
• Programme of work
and/or guidelines on
protected areas
(2004)(WCPA, WCMC,
CPF, MCPA); hot spots,
ecological networks and
corridors
• Guidelines for invasives
(IMO, IPPC, GISP, OIE,
IUCN)
• Programme of work on
Article 8(j) and related
provisions
• Practical principles and
operational guidelines for
sustainable use
Objective 2
How ongoing and proposed biodiversity
conservation initiatives could address the 2010 target
• Articles 11 to 19:
Enabling
environment
CBD
COP
• Incentives
• Communication –
Education and Public
Awareness
• Impact assessment
• Bonn Guidelines on access
to genetic resources
• Clearing-house
mechanism
• Memoranda of
understanding/
cooperation
• Biosafety Protocol
Objective 3
Explore and identify how to report on
progress and achievements
• Art. 26: Reports:
Prepare reports on
measures taken and their
effectiveness.
CBD
COP
• Country studies
• National reports
• Thematic reports
• Global Biodiversity
Outlook
CBD = adequate framework
Provisions of the Convention and its Protocol on
Biosafety
• Are the broad commitments for achieving
conservation, sustainable use and benefit sharing
• Are the broad commitments for achieving the 2010
target
• Establish important institutional arrangements and
mechanisms
CBD
CBD = adequate framework
Decisions of the Conference of the Parties
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CBD
The ecosystem approach
The thematic programmes of work
Work on cross-cutting issues
Lead and other partners
WSSD Plan of Implementation and
relevance of MDGs
Biodiversity Convention - COP decisions World Summit on Sustainable Development
Article 6:
• National biodiversity strategies and
action plans
• Sectoral and cross-sectoral
integration
CBD
COP
• Strategic plan
• Global Strategy for Plant
Conservation and 16 targets
• Assessment of capacities and
financial needs
• Synergies and coordination
(joint plans and activities)
• Integration into poverty
eradication and sustainable
development strategies
Expected output
• Achievement of the 3 objectives
• Promotion of a common effort towards halting the
loss of biodiversity, thus
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New or strengthened partnerships
Mobilization of financial support in particular for
capacity building
• Report will be submitted to SBSTTA 9 and should
be useful to many other stakeholders
CBD
The Convention on Biological Diversity
A framework for meeting the target of significantly reducing the rate of
biodiversity loss by 2010
CBD