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Ch. 6: Humans in the Biosphere O Objective: O Recognize the consequences of the losses of biodiversity due to catastrophic events, climate changes, human activity, & the introduction of invasive, non-native species. Loss of Biodiversity O 99% of all species that have ever lived are now extinct O The current rate of species loss is approaching 1000 times the “typical” rate Humans Reduce Biodiversity O Altering habitats O Hunting O Introducing invasive species O Releasing pollution into food webs O Contributing to climate change Altering Habitats O Natural habitats are eliminated for agricultural or urban development O Habitat fragmentation: splitting an ecosystem into pieces (ex. Oakleaf area was once a forest!) O Causes species to be more vulnerable to other distrubances Hunting O Decreases genetic diversity O Lessens the species chances of surviving ecological disturbances O Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species banned the international trade in products on the endangered species list Invasive Species O Not normally found in that area O Have no predators in the new area O Kill the species that are suppose to be in the area O Reproduce uncontrollably because of no known predators or limiting resources O Python Hunt O Lionfish Hunt Climate Change O Get a textbook, open to page 177-179 O Read the case study #3: climate change Human Activity O Agriculture: O Monoculture: practice of clearing large areas of land to plant a single highly productive crop year after year O Impacts fresh water and fertile soil O Fertilizer production and farm machinery consume large amounts of fossil fuels. Human Activity O Development: O Consumes farmland and divides habitats into fragments O Dense human communities produce large amounts of wastes O Wastes are NOT disposed of properly O Affects air, water, and soil resources Human Activity O Industry: O Most energy obtained by burning fossil fuels O Coal, oil, and natural gas (methane) O Discard wastes from manufacturing and energy production directly into the air, water, and soil O Objective: O Evaluate the costs & benefits of renewable and nonrenewable resources (water, energy, fossil fuels, wildlife, forests). O Objective: O Discuss the need for adequate monitoring of environmental parameters when making policy decisions. Conserving Biodiversity O Protecting individual species: O AZA: carefully select and manage mating pairs of animals to ensure maximum genetic diversity O SSP: protect threatened and endangered species; reintroduce them into the wild O Preserving habitats and ecosystems O Ex) setting aside parks and reserves O Considering local interests O Offering rewards or other beneficial things for preserving the habitats O Objective: O Predict the impact of individuals on environmental systems and examine how human lifestyles affect sustainability. Sustainable Development O Provides for human needs while preserving the ecosystems that produce natural resources O Should cause NO long-term harm to the soil, water, and O O O O climate Consume as little energy as possible Must be flexible Must take into account human economic systems as well as ecosystem goods and services Must do more than just enable people to survive, it must improve their situation