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Chapter 3 Clickers
Conceptual
Integrated Science
Second Edition
Newton's
Laws of Motion
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The first to introduce the concept of inertia was
a)
b)
c)
d)
Galileo.
Newton.
both.
neither.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The first to introduce the concept of inertia was
a)
b)
c)
d)
Galileo.
Newton.
both.
neither.
Comment:
Galileo discovered the concept and Newton elevated it
to his first law of motion.
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If gravity between the Sun and Earth suddenly
vanished, Earth would move in
a)
b)
c)
d)
a curved path.
a straight-line path.
an outward spiral path.
an inward spiral path.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
If gravity between the Sun and Earth suddenly
vanished, Earth would move in
a)
b)
c)
d)
a curved path.
a straight-line path.
an outward spiral path.
an inward spiral path.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Seat belts and air bags in a car are mostly linked
to the effects of Newton's
a)
b)
c)
d)
first law.
second law.
third law.
law of gravity.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Seat belts and air bags in a car are mostly linked
to the effects of Newton's
a)
b)
c)
d)
first law.
second law.
third law.
law of gravity.
Comment:
Although Newton's three laws of motion are at play,
the first law is most applicable.
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The net force on any object in equilibrium is
a)
b)
c)
d)
zero.
10 meters per second squared.
equal to its weight.
none of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The net force on any object in equilibrium is
a)
b)
c)
d)
zero.
10 meters per second squared.
equal to its weight.
none of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When standing in the aisle of a smoothly riding
bus, you drop a coin from above your head. The
falling coin will land
a)
b)
c)
d)
at your feet.
slightly in front of your feet.
slightly in back of your feet.
at a location not listed above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When standing in the aisle of a smoothly riding
bus, you drop a coin from above your head. The
falling coin will land
a)
b)
c)
d)
at your feet.
slightly in front of your feet.
slightly in back of your feet.
at a location not listed above.
Explanation:
The horizontal velocity of the coin remains the same
while it falls.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Consider a cart with a ball resting in its middle.
When you quickly jerk the cart forward, the
a) front of the cart hits the ball.
b) back of the cart hits the ball.
c) ball remains in the middle as the cart moves
forward.
d) above can all occur depending on how quickly the
cart is pulled.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Consider a cart with a ball resting in its middle.
When you quickly jerk the cart forward, the
a)
b)
c)
d)
front of the cart hits the ball.
back of the cart hits the ball.
ball remains in the middle as the cart moves forward.
above can all occur depending on how quickly the cart
is pulled.
Explanation:
Relative to the ground, the ball tends to remain at rest while
the cart moves beneath it. Hence, the back of the cart hits
the ball.
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When a 10-kg block is simultaneously pushed
eastward with 20 N and westward with 15 N, the
net force on the block is
a)
b)
c)
d)
35 N west.
35 N east.
5 N west.
5 N east.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When a 10-kg block is simultaneously pushed
eastward with 20 N and westward with 15 N, the
net force on the block is
a)
b)
c)
d)
35 N west.
35 N east.
5 N west.
5 N east.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When a 10-kg block is simultaneously pushed
eastward with 20 N and westward with 15 N, the
acceleration of the block is
a)
b)
c)
d)
0.5 m/s2 east.
0.5 m/s2 west.
0.5 m/s2 east–west.
none of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When a 10-kg block is simultaneously pushed
eastward with 20 N and westward with 15 N, the
acceleration of the block is
a)
b)
c)
d)
0.5 m/s2 east.
0.5 m/s2 west.
0.5 m/s2 east–west.
none of the above.
Explanation:
Note the mass of a 10-N block is about 1 kg. Then
a = F/m = (20 N – 15 N)/1 kg = 0.5 m/s2.
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The connection between mass, acceleration, and
force is embodied in Newton's
a)
b)
c)
d)
first law.
second law.
third law.
law of gravity.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The connection between mass, acceleration, and
force is embodied in Newton's
a)
b)
c)
d)
first law.
second law.
third law.
law of gravity.
Comment:
acceleration = force/mass.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A cart is pushed and undergoes a certain
acceleration. Consider how the acceleration would
compare if it were pushed with twice the net force
while its mass increased by four. Then its
acceleration would be
a)
b)
c)
d)
one quarter.
the same.
twice.
none of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A cart is pushed and undergoes a certain
acceleration. Consider how the acceleration would
compare if it were pushed with twice the net force
while its mass increased by four. Then its
acceleration would be
a)
b)
c)
d)
one quarter.
the same.
twice.
none of the above.
Explanation:
Twice the force acting on four times the mass gives half the
acceleration. So the acceleration would be half—none of
the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When the net force on a moving object remains at
right angles to the velocity, speed
a)
b)
c)
d)
decreases.
increases.
remains the same.
none of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When the net force on a moving object remains at
right angles to the velocity, speed
a)
b)
c)
d)
decreases.
increases.
remains the same.
none of the above.
Explanation:
At right angles, the object changes direction. With no
component of force along its direction of motion,
nochange in speed occurs.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When you toss a rock straight upward, which is no
longer present at the top of its path?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Mass.
Speed.
Acceleration.
All of the above.
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When you toss a rock straight upward, which is no
longer present at the top of its path?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Mass.
Speed.
Acceleration.
All of the above.
Explanation:
It still has a force on it, mg, so a = F/m = mg/m = g.
Only speed is zero at the top.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A falling object that reaches terminal velocity
continues to have
a)
b)
c)
d)
speed.
a nonzero net force.
acceleration.
all of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A falling object that reaches terminal velocity
continues to have
a)
b)
c)
d)
speed.
a nonzero net force.
acceleration.
all of the above.
Explanation:
At terminal velocity, both net force and acceleration
are zero.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A heavy parachutist has a greater terminal speed
compared with a light parachutist with the same
size chute, because the heavier person
a) has to fall faster for air resistance to match weight.
b) is more greatly attracted by gravity to the ground
below.
c) has a greater air resistance.
d) has none of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A heavy parachutist has a greater terminal speed
compared with a light parachutist with the same
size chute, because the heavier person
a)
b)
c)
d)
has to fall faster for air resistance to match weight.
is more greatly attracted by gravity to the ground below.
has a greater air resistance.
has none of the above.
Explanation:
At terminal speed, both weight and air resistance have the
same magnitude. To get that greater magnitude of air
resistance, falling speed has to be greater for the heavier
person.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When a 10-kg falling object encounters 10 N of air
resistance, its acceleration is
a)
b)
c)
d)
less than g.
g.
more than g.
unknown—there is not enough information.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When a 10-kg falling object encounters 10 N of air
resistance, its acceleration is
a)
b)
c)
d)
less than g.
g.
more than g.
unknown—there is not enough information.
Explanation:
Any object that encounters air resistance accelerates
at less than g.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A soccer ball is kicked to a 30-m/s speed. While
being kicked, the amount of force of the player's
foot on the ball is
a)
b)
c)
d)
less than the amount of force on the foot.
the same as the amount of force on the foot.
more than the amount of force on the foot.
none of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A soccer ball is kicked to a 30-m/s speed. While
being kicked, the amount of force of the player's
foot on the ball is
a)
b)
c)
d)
less than the amount of force on the foot.
the same as the amount of force on the foot.
more than the amount of force on the foot.
none of the above.
Explanation:
Newton's third law, pure and simple. The speed of the
ball is irrelevant. The amount of force on the ball and
on the foot is the same.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A karate chop delivers a blow of 3500 N to a
board that breaks. The force that acts on the hand
during this event is
a)
b)
c)
d)
less than 3500 N.
3500 N.
greater than 3500 N.
none of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A karate chop delivers a blow of 3500 N to a
board that breaks. The force that acts on the hand
during this event is
a)
b)
c)
d)
less than 3500 N.
3500 N.
greater than 3500 N.
none of the above.
Comment:
Hence, the need for a strong hand!
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Earth pulls on the Moon. Similarly, the Moon pulls
on Earth, evidence that
a) Earth and Moon are pulling on each other.
b) Earth's and Moon's pulls comprise an
action–reaction pair of forces.
c) both of the above occur.
d) neither of the above occur.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Earth pulls on the Moon. Similarly, the Moon pulls
on Earth, evidence that
a) Earth and Moon are pulling on each other.
b) Earth's and Moon's pulls comprise an
action–reaction pair of forces.
c) both of the above occur.
d) neither of the above occur.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The amount of air resistance on a 0.8-N flying
squirrel for terminal speed is
a)
b)
c)
d)
less than 0.8 N.
0.8 N.
more than 0.8 N.
depends on the orientation of its body.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The amount of air resistance on a 0.8-N flying
squirrel for terminal speed is
a)
b)
c)
d)
less than 0.8 N.
0.8 N.
more than 0.8 N.
depends on the orientation of its body.
Explanation:
For terminal speed, net force must equal zero, no
matter what the orientation of the squirrel's body. How
great the terminal speed is, however, does depend on
body orientation. But that's not the question asked.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
As a flying squirrel falls faster and faster through
the air,
a)
b)
c)
d)
air resistance increases.
net force decreases.
acceleration decreases.
all of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
As a flying squirrel falls faster and faster through
the air,
a)
b)
c)
d)
air resistance increases.
net force decreases.
acceleration decreases.
all of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A tennis ball and a bowling ball are simultaneously
released from rest at the top of your school
building. The ball to reach the ground first will be
the
a)
b)
c)
d)
tennis ball.
bowling ball.
both will hit at the same time.
any of the above, depending on wind conditions.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A tennis ball and a bowling ball are simultaneously
released from rest at the top of your school
building. The ball to reach the ground first will be
the
a)
b)
c)
d)
tennis ball.
bowling ball.
both will hit at the same time.
any of the above, depending on wind conditions.
Explanation:
Air resistance (not negligible in this case) will act on both when
they fall. But the amount of air resistance on the heavy bowling
ball will be small compared with the ball's weight. It will therefore
better plow through the air and hit first.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
How hard a boxer's punch lands depends on
a)
b)
c)
d)
the mass of what's being hit.
the physical condition of the boxer.
the boxer's attitude.
none of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
How hard a boxer's punch lands depends on
a)
b)
c)
d)
the mass of what's being hit.
the physical condition of the boxer.
the boxer's attitude.
none of the above.
Explanation:
Attitude is said to be everything, and physical condition
is important, but not as answers to this question.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The force that directly propels a motor scooter
along a highway is that provided by the
a)
b)
c)
d)
engine.
fuel.
tires.
road.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The force that directly propels a motor scooter
along a highway is that provided by the
a)
b)
c)
d)
engine.
fuel.
tires.
road.
Explanation:
The tires push back on the road, and in so doing, the
road pushes forward on the tires. It is this force that is
directly responsible for the scooter's motion. Cheers
for Newton's third law!
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When you jump vertically upward, strictly
speaking, you cause Earth to
a)
b)
c)
d)
move downward.
also move upward with you.
remain stationary.
move sideways a bit.
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When you jump vertically upward, strictly
speaking, you cause Earth to
a)
b)
c)
d)
move downward.
also move upward with you.
remain stationary.
move sideways a bit.
Explanation:
When you jump upward, you push downward on Earth.
Strictly speaking, it therefore moves downward. By
how much? Not much, in fact negligibly, because its
mass is so much greater than yours.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The force that propels a rocket is provided by
a)
b)
c)
d)
gravity.
its exhaust gases.
Newton's laws of motion.
the atmosphere against which the rocket pushes.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The force that propels a rocket is provided by
a)
b)
c)
d)
gravity.
its exhaust gases.
Newton's laws of motion.
the atmosphere against which the rocket pushes.
Explanation:
Newton's laws are at play in rocket propulsion, but the
actual force propelling the rocket is its exhaust gases. As
Newton's third law tells us, if the rocket pushes exhaust
gases downward, the gases push the rocket upward.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Anthony is late for class and is soon reprimanded.
Causes lead to consequences. We can show,
however, that this is not an example of Newton's
third law because
a) action and supposed reaction are not simultaneous.
b) the laws of physics apply to inanimate situations, not
real-life ones.
c) both of the above are true.
d) neither of the above is true.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Anthony is late for class and is soon reprimanded.
Causes lead to consequences. We can show,
however, that this is not an example of Newton's
third law because
a) action and supposed reaction are not simultaneous.
b) the laws of physics apply to inanimate situations, not real-life
ones.
c) both of the above are true.
d) neither of the above is true.
Explanation:
Answer B is erroneous, for Newton's laws govern both inanimate
and animate things. An action–reaction pairing is by definition
simultaneous.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Consider a pair of force vectors: one 50 N and the
other 30 N. These vectors can be combined to
produce a resultant of
a)
b)
c)
d)
0 N.
85 N.
90 N.
none of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Consider a pair of force vectors: one 50 N and the
other 30 N. These vectors can be combined to
produce a resultant of
a)
b)
c)
d)
0 N.
85 N.
90 N.
none of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Consider a 50-N vector that has a horizontal
component of 40 N. The vertical component is
then
a)
b)
c)
d)
also 40 N.
actually 50 N.
90 N.
30 N.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Consider a 50-N vector that has a horizontal
component of 40 N. The vertical component is
then
a)
b)
c)
d)
also 40 N.
actually 50 N.
90 N.
30 N.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A 10-N vector and a 5-N vector can produce
resultants of 5 N or 15 N when they are
a)
b)
c)
d)
at a slight angle to each other.
perpendicular to each other.
parallel to each other.
none of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A 10-N vector and a 5-N vector can produce
resultants of 5 N or 15 N when they are
a)
b)
c)
d)
at a slight angle to each other.
perpendicular to each other.
parallel to each other.
none of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The laws of physics that were employed to get
humans to the Moon are
a)
b)
c)
d)
Newton's laws of motion.
special relativity.
general relativity.
all of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The laws of physics that were employed to get
humans to the Moon are
a)
b)
c)
d)
Newton's laws of motion.
special relativity.
general relativity.
all of the above.
Explanation:
As the concluding paragraph of Chapter 3 states,
Newton's laws were and are sufficient for getting
humans to the Moon!
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.