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“Franks”  Europeans
27th November 1095 Pope Urban II
(p. 1088-99) preaches the First
Crusade at Clermont
Saljuqs
Fatimids
Map Link: Europe and Muslim World c. 1097:
<http://www.shadowedrealm.com/lib/images/
medieval/maps/map080.jpg>
1098-1109 Crusaders set up states at
Edessa, Antioch, Jerusalem and
Tripoli
Map Link: The Crusader States:
<http://www.shadowedrealm.com/lib/images/
medieval/maps/map012.jpg>
15th July 1099 Crusaders take Jerusalem
Kitab al-Jihad (Book of the Holy War)
dictated in public by ‘Ali ibn
Tahir al-Sulami (1039-1106)
1144 ‘Imad al-Din Zangi (r. 1127-46)
takes Edessa
1148 Second Crusade attacks Damascus
Map Link: Zangi’s Territories:
<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/
Possession_of_Zengi_%281146%29.svg/2000pxPossession_of_Zengi_%281146%29.svg.png>
1187 Saladin (r. 1169-93) takes Jerusalem
1189-92 Third Crusade - Richard I the
Lionheart (r. 1189-99)
1291 Fall of Acre
1291 Fall of Acre
Map Link: Mamluk Conquest of the Levantine Coast:
<https://cmes.uchicago.edu/sites/cmes.uchicago.edu/files/
uploads/Maps/Map%20-%20Mamluks%20conquer
%20coast%201263-91.pdf>
Map Link: Mediaeval Trade Routes:
<http://aulosinternet.wikispaces.com/file/view/
map_08_Medieval_Trade_Routes.JPG/209848072/
map_08_Medieval_Trade_Routes.JPG>
Role of trade
Transfer of knowledge
Al-Khwarizmi (c. 780-c. 850)
1143 First Latin translation of Qur’an
Shared activities
fabliaux
Usama ibn Munqidh (d. 1188), Kitab al-I‘tibar
(Book of Contemplation)
Impact of the Crusades?
“This crusade, this war on terrorism,
is going to take a while.”
(16th Sept 2001)
19th c. First Muslim histories of Crusades
Extremist rhetoric
Map Link: Muslim World c. 1100:
<http://teachislam.com/images/map4.jpg>
Arabian Nights/1001 Nights
Collection of Middle Eastern folk tales
Earliest versions (9th c.) Hazar Afsana
(Persian, 1000 Tales) and Alf Layla
(Arabic, 1000 Nights)
Named changed to Alf Layla wa Layla (1001
Nights), probably in 12th c.
Last definitely genuine additions in 16th c.
Shahrazad, who tells unfinished
stories every night to keep her
husband/king from executing
her! Story based on Indian
folktale
1001 Nights influenced by traditions
from India, Persia, Arabia,
ancient Egypt, Turkish Asia
Minor, Jewish diaspora,
Mesopotamia and more…