Download The Age of Exploration

Bell Ringer!
If you could go anywhere in the world,
where would you go? … and why?
 3-5 Sentences

The Age of Exploration
Alberto Cantino’s World Map 1502
Essential Standards:
WH 2.4
Analyze the rise and spread of various empires in terms of
influence, achievements and lasting impact.
WH 2.7
Analyze the relationship between trade routes and the development
and decline of major empires.
WH 3.4
Analyze how the desire for farmable land created conflict and
impacted the physical environments of Europe, Asia, Africa and
the Americas
WH 5.2
Explain the causes and effects of exploration and expansion.
WH 5.3
Analyze colonization in terms of the desire for access to resources
and markets as well as the consequences on indigenous cultures,
population, and environment.
WH.H.5.1 Explain how and why the motivations for exploration and conquest
resulted in increased global interactions, differing patterns of
trade, colonization, and conflict among nations.
Causes of the Age of
Exploration
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Two causes of interest in exploration
Marco Polo’s Travels
 Goods from Asia
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Europeans wanted new trade routes
Desire to trade directly and eliminate the middle
man… Who was the middle man??? (write it down)
 Development of England, France, Spain,
Portugal, and the Low Countries.
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Early Exploration
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Vikings –
 Eric the Red – Viking explorer who was
first to explore Greenland in 982 and set
up a colony there in 986.
 Leif Ericcson – Possibly the first
European to explore America from 1000 to
1002.
 Vinland - Newfoundland
Technology of
Exploration
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Map making
Compass
Astrolabe – used the stars to plot a
position.
Caravel – ship with three masts and a
triangular sail that could sail into the
wind
Guns and cannons
Prince Henry
the Navigator
and Portugal
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Henry opened a school for navigation
around 1420 because he wanted to spread
Christianity and expand Portugal.
Henry began sending out ships every
year.
Portugal opened trade with the “Gold
Coast” (Ghana) of Africa.
Portugal (continued)
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Portugal discovered Atlantic
islands – the Cape Verde,
Azores, and Madeira
Islands.
1441 – the first African
slaves are brought to
Portugal.
1488 – Bartholmieu Dias
rounded the southern tip of
Africa – Cape of Good Hope
Christopher
Columbus
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Spain united under Ferdinand and Isabella.
Spain wanted to get in on the trade Portugal
was getting and wanted a sea route to Asia.
Columbus was certain the world was round,
but greatly underestimated the size of the
world. He convinced Queen Isabella that he
could sail west to Asia.
Christopher Columbus
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Columbus landed on one of the Bahamas
Islands on October 12, 1492.
Thinking he had reached the Indies, he
called the natives “Indians”.
He went on to explore the coastline of
Cuba and other Caribbean Islands.
Christopher Columbus
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In all, Columbus made four voyages to the
Americas.
At his death, Columbus felt that Asia was not
far beyond the Americas.
Tomb of Christopher
Columbus in the
Cathedral of Seville
in Spain.
The Columbian Exchange
Take notes on what we talk about…
 What was the impact of New World agriculture on the population of Europe?
 How did the introduction of European livestock change the lives of Native
Americans?
The Truth about Columbus…
You only have 15 mins to read and answer ?’s
 You can work with a partner…
 Read through the myths and then answer the
questions on the board.
 Be sure to talk over the questions with your
partner!
 Every person needs to fill out their own paper.
The Treaty of Tordesillas
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Both Spain and Portugal felt the other
would claim their newly found
territory.
The pope drew a Line of Demarcation
at 100 leagues (250 miles) west of the
Azores to separate Spanish and
Portuguese claims.
When Portugal complained, The
Treaty of Tordesillas moved the line
270 leagues further west, giving
Portugal claim to Brazil.
The Treaty of Tordesillas (continued)
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Other countries joined in the race to claim land in
the New World.
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John Cabot explored the northeast coast of North America
for England.
Florentine Amerigo Vespucci explored the South
American coast for Spain. (America is named after
him.)
Pedro Cabral claimed Brazil for Portugal.
Vasco da Gama
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Da Gama was the first
European to sail around
Africa and then to India.
The goods he brought
back sold for 60 times the
cost of the trip, but 2/3 of
his crew died of scurvy.
Scurvy…
God, Gold, and Glory
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One
There were many reasons
why people set out to
explore the world, but the
big three were God, gold
and glory.
of the big pushes was to spread Christianity,
especially after the Protestant Reformation began.
Priest and missionaries went with the
conquistadors and explorers.
God, Gold, and Glory
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Money was to be made in
exploration.
Captains of successful
voyages became heroes at
home.
Many were driven by the
promise of fame.
BLING
Spanish Conquistadors
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Hernan Cortes – conquered the Aztec with
550 men, guns, cannons, and the aid of the
people the Aztec had conquered.
Francisco Pizzaro – defeated the Inca in
South America.
Vasco de Balboa – crossed Panama was the
first European to see the Pacific Ocean in
America.
Spanish Conquistadors (continued)
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Ponce de Leon – explored Florida looking
for the “Fountain of Youth.”
Hernando de Soto – explored the U.S.
southeast where we are
Francisco de Coronado – explored the U.S.
southwest. He was the first European to see
the Grand Canyon.
Ferdinand Magellan
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In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan set out from
Seville, Spain to sail to Asia by going west.
In 1520, he went through the Strait of
Magellan into the Pacific Ocean.
While crossing the Pacific, food and water
became scarce, but the ships finally found
land, the Philippines (Magellan named them
after Spanish King Philip).
Ferdinand Magellan (continued)
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Magellan and some of his crew were killed
fighting with the natives of the Philippines.
In September 1522, one of the ships, Victoria,
arrived back in Seville, the first ship to sail
around the world.
Only 18 out of 243 sailors survived.
In Search of the Northwest Passage
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Many of the explorers of North America
were looking for a Northwest Passage, a way
through the continent to get to Asia.
1534 – Jacques Cartier sailed up the St.
Lawrence River and claimed eastern North
America for France.
In Search of the Northwest Passage
(continued)
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1577-80 – Sir Francis Drake was looking for a
western end of the Northwest Passage for
England.
When he failed to find one, he went west, sailing
around the world robbing Spanish ships as he went.
 His voyage made a profit of 4,700%.
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Henry Hudson – Explored Hudson River and
Hudson Bay for the Dutch (1609) and then was
hired by the British (1620) but his crew mutinied.
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He was abandoned by the ship and never seen again.
European Colonies
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Portugal – Brazil, west and east coasts of
Africa, India, Indonesia (Spice Islands).
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Portugal was ruled by Spain from 1580 to 1640
and lost most of its possessions.
Spain – The Philippines, most of South
America, Mexico, California.
European Colonies
(continued)
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England
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1607 – Jamestown, Va.
1620 – Plymouth,
Massachusetts.
Claimed the area around the
Hudson Bay
1600 – British East India
Company set up to foster
Asian trade.
European Colonies (continued)
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France - 1608 – Samuel de Champlain built
Quebec and then Montreal on the fur trade.
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1673 – Fur trader Louis Joliet and Jesuit priest
Jacques Marquette explored the upper
Mississippi River.
1682 – Robert le Salle mapped the Mississippi
to its mouth.
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He claimed the whole river valley for France
naming it Louisiana for French King Louis XIV.
European Colonies (continued)
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The Netherlands – 1602 – the Dutch East India
Company is formed.
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While Portugal is ruled by Spain, the Dutch take over
much of their empire.
1626 – The Dutch buy Manhattan Island for about $25.
The Dutch build their colony, New Holland, around
the city, New Amsterdam.
The British seize the colony in 1664, renaming both
colony and city New York.
Bell Ringer: 4-9-14

Triangular Trade System Map page 568
 Answer
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questions 1 & 2 based on the map.
“Analyzing Primary Sources” Activity
page 569
 Read
the description of a journey on a
slave ship and answer questions 1 & 2
Economics of Exploration!

Essential Standards:
WH 2.4 Analyze the rise and spread of various empires in
terms of influence, achievements and lasting impact.
WH 2.7 Analyze the relationship between trade routes and the
development and decline of major empires.
WH 3.4 Analyze how the desire for farmable land created
conflict and impacted the physical environments of
Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas
WH 5.2 Explain the causes and effects of exploration and
expansion.
WH 5.3 Analyze colonization in terms of the desire for access
to resources and markets as well as the consequences
on indigenous cultures, population, and environment.
Effects of the Age of Exploration
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World Trade Increased
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New trade routes ended the Italian monopoly on Asian
goods.
London, Amsterdam, Bristol, and Antwerp develop as
trade centers.
From Asia – spices, gems, paper, ivory, porcelain,
textiles, tea and coffee
From the Americas – potatoes, tobacco, cocoa, corn, furs,
codfish, timber, pitch, turpentine, sugar, molasses, rum,
and indigo.
From Africa – hardwoods, ivory, gold, ostrich feathers,
and slaves.
Effects of the Age of Exploration
(continued)
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The Slave Trade Grew and Became Racist
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Before the discovery of America, slavery was not
based on race, but a person captured in war, or one
who could not pay their debts or taxes.
After the slave trade grew, Europeans began viewing
Africans as born to be slaves. Many used the Bible to
justify this.
Around 20 million people were taken from Africa and
shipped to the Americas as slaves.
¼ of the people shipped on slave ships died during
the voyage.
The Middle Passage
The Slave Trade
• Europeans began to use slave labor in
their colonies to grow crops, mine, etc.
• Native Americans used for a while, but
Africans began to be brought to the
Americas.
• The slave trade then became the main
focus of Europe’s relations with Africa.
What was the Triangular Trade?
• System of trade between Europe, Africa,
and the Americas.
• Stage 1: Raw materials to Europe
(tobacco, rum, sugar)
• Stage 2: Manufactured goods to Africa
(guns, cloth, rum)
• Stage 3: Slaves to the Americas to make
raw materials.
The Triangular
Trade
Effects of the Age of Exploration
(continued)
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New Business Practices Developed
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Merchants looked for new ways to protect, invest, and
borrow money.
Banking grew in the 16th century.
Checks, bank notes, and bills of exchange came into
widespread use.
Merchants banded together and contributed to a
common fund to protect against losses, the beginning of
insurance companies.
Effects of the Age of Exploration
(continued)
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New Business Practices Developed (continued)
 Joint-stock companies develop.
The British East India Company
 The Dutch East India Company
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Stock exchanges.
Stocks were traded.
 Dividends paid.
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Effects of the Age of Exploration
(continued)
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Modern Capitalism is Born
Capitalism – the economic system where private
companies, not the government owns the
businesses.
 Profit motive.
 Capitalism developed first in businesses
needing large amounts of money to operate.
 The coining of more money.
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Effects of the Age of Exploration
(continued)
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Prices Rise in Europe
Gold and silver poured into Spain from the New
World.
 The availability of gold led to inflation, the
increase of prices.
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Effects of the Age of Exploration
(continued)
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European Countries Begin Following Mercantilist
Policies
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The theory developed that a country would become rich and
strong if it exported more than it imported. This is called
mercantilism. Page 574
Countries tried to achieve a favorable balance of trade.
Colonies became important to mercantilist countries.
 Raw materials.
 Markets for goods.
 To control waterways and trade routes.
Effects of the Age of Exploration
(continued)
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A Revolution in World Ecology
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Ecology – the distribution of plant and animal life.
The coffee bean, native to the Middle East, was brought
to South America.
From the Americas…
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Sweet potatoes – to Asia
Potatoes, tobacco, and corn – to Europe
To the Americas from Europe
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Grains - wheat, rye, oats, rice
Animals – horse, donkey, mule, ox, pigs, goats, sheep, chickens
Sugar cane – from Spain to the Caribbean.
Why did thy come? (video)
Is Progress always Positive?
What is “Neo-Colonialism”?
 Why is Asia interested in Africa?
 Who is being helped the most and hurt the
most through Neo-Colonialism?
 Do you think this is fair or right?
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