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COMM 226
Database and content management
Chitu Okoli
Associate Professor in Business Technology Management
John Molson School of Business, Concordia University, Montréal
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What is content?
• Content is related to intellectual property
– a form of creative endeavour that can be protected
through a trademark, patent, copyright, industrial
design, or integrated circuit topography
• Varies by industry
• Organizations may store data, documents,
spreadsheets, presentations, web pages, text
from blogs, Twitter, or discussion boards,
graphics, video files and video logs, audio
files, etc.
What Is the purpose of a database?
• A database is a self-describing collection of
integrated records
• A database keeps track of things
• Many professionals use spreadsheets
• Spreadsheets
– Keep lists of single concepts
• Databases
– Keep lists that involve multiple themes
Why use a database instead of a
spreadsheet?
http://youtu.be/yeVHLTkIXB8
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Spreadsheet (not a database)
Information Systems Today: Why IS Matters – 2nd Canadian Edition, by Jessup, Valacich,
and Wade, Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-174039-6.
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Normalized database
Information Systems Today: Why IS
Matters – 2nd Canadian Edition, by Jessup,
Valacich, and Wade, Prentice Hall, ISBN 013-174039-6.
6
Components of a Database
• Database is a collection of tables plus
relationships among the rows in those tables plus
metadata
– describes the structure of the database
Hierarchy of Data Elements
File Organization Terminology
Bit: Binary digiIT (0 or 1)
Byte: 8 bits, representing a
character (A-Z, 0-1, @#$%^&*,
etc.)
Field/Attribute: group of characters
representing a characteristic
Record: group of related fields,
each of which describes a
single entity (a person, place,
thing, event)
File/table: group of related records
Database: group of related
files/tables
Information Systems Today: Why IS Matters – 2nd Canadian Edition, by Jessup,
Valacich, and Wade, Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-174039-6.
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Metadata
• Databases are self-describing
– Collection of integrated records
– Contains, within itself, a description of its contents
• Metadata
– Data that describe data
– Makes databases more useful than spreadsheets
– Makes databases easier to use
Components of a Database
Application System
• Database
– Collection of files that actually store and organize the data
• Database Management System (DBMS)
– Software that manipulates (create, read, edit, delete) data in the
database (e.g. Microsoft Access, Oracle database)
– The DBMS and database can be distinct (e.g. Oracle database vs.
Oracle SQL Developer), but they are often combined in one system
(e.g. Microsoft Access)
• Database application
– Any software that connects to a database (e.g. SAP)
Relationships Among Records
• Values in one table may relate to rows in
other table(s)
• Keys (normally called “primary keys”)
– Column(s) that identify unique row in table
– Each table has a key
• Foreign keys
– Keys in a different table than the one in which they
reside
• Relational database
– Databases using tables, keys, and foreign keys
Example of Relationships among
Rows
Forms, Reports, and Queries
• Form
– Used to create, edit and delete data (it also needs to read
the data to be able to modify it)
• Report
– Used to display data in specified structured format
– Only reads data; never modifies any data
• Query
– A database command from the user to the database
– Usually used to get answers from database data (read-only)
– Also used to modify data
Sources
• Most of the slides are adapted from COMM 226
Business Technology Management by David M.
Kroenke, Andrew Gemino, Peter Tingling, and Earl H.
McKinney, Jr. 2nd Custom Edition for Concordia
University (2014) published by Pearson Canada.
ISBN 13: 978-1-269-96956-7
• Some slides and images are taken from Information
Systems Today: Why IS Matters – 2nd Canadian
Edition, by Jessup, Valacich, and Wade, Prentice
Hall, ISBN 0-13-174039-6.
• Other sources are noted on the slides themselves
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