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Ch. 23 Section III A Creative Era Music • 1920’s – Period of Creativity • Known as Jazz Age – Originates with African American Musicians in South – New Orleans is Center of Jazz Music – Musicians Incorporated different Music Styles • West African Rhythms • African Spirituals • Ragtime • European Harmonies • Jazz Emerges in part of New Orleans – Known as Storyville • Style of Music – Ragged or Improvised Music • Jazz Popularity • • • • • – Encourages different Musicians to Incorporate it White Musicians – Incorporating Jazz into Music Composers & Pianist are using Jazz Rhythms in Music George Gershwin – Rhapsody in Blue displayed Jazz in Symphonic Form – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1U40xBSz6Dc Big Band Music Introduces Jazz to a New Audience – Music was Dance Music Clubs are Bringing in Famous Jazz Musicians… – Only Admitting White Customers Music • Musicians Experimenting – Different Forms of Music • Known as the Blues – Grew out of • Slave Music • Religious Spirituals – Songs Featured • Heartfelt Lyrics • Altered or Slurred Notes • Bessie Smith • Brings Blues to Broader Audience – Down Hearted Blues – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=go6TiLIeVZA Jazz Movement • Great Migration: – African Americans Moving North – Jazz Musicians doing the Same – Moving to Big Cities: • Chicago & New York • Joseph “King” Oliver: – Was a Jazz Cornet Player – Style of Play “Hot Jazz” • Improvisation – Blind in One Eye – Played while Sitting – Famous for using • Mutes/Devices to Alter Sound Jazz Movement Joseph “King” Oliver: (Cont.) –Started playing in New Orleans • 1908 –1919 Moves to Chicago –1922 Starts King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band –Sends Telegram to Louis Armstrong in 1922 • Come to Chicago Join Band Jazz Movement • Louis Armstrong – Mentor was Joe “King” Oliver – Called him Papa Joe – Learned to Play Cornet • Boys Reform School – Helps Shift Jazz Music • Collective Improvisation to Solo – Has Distinctive “Gravelly” Voice – Nickname was Satchmo – Famous Songs: • What a Wonderful World • When the Saints go Marching In • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wyLjbMBpGDA Jazz Movement • Harlem Renaissance (New Negro Movement) • • – Harlem N. Y. • Major Cultural Center of African Americans – African American Cultures • Writing • Musicians • Artists – Celebrated • Black Dignity & Creativity – Redefines • View of the African-American Population Theatre: – Black Theatre Gains Critical Acclaim & Popularity Paul Robeson – Actor & Accomplished Singer – 1924: First African American Actor with Leading Role Opposite a White Actress Harlem Renaissance • Literature – African American Novelists and Poets are producing work describing Bitterness and Defiance but also Joy and Hope. – Harlem Poets celebrated their ethnic identity and acknowledged the struggles faced by African Americans • Langston Hughes – – – – Addressed Poems to African Am readers Focused on everyday experiences of Africans Used language and themes familiar to his readers First published Poem was in The Crisis Harlem Renaissance • The Lost Generation – Term used to describe a group of American writers rebelling against what America had become in the 1900’s • Ernest Hemingway – Was seriously wounded during the war on the Italian Front – Expresses his anger at the uselessness of war – 1929 Novel, A Farewell to Arms, he depicts the devastation of war • F. Scott Fitzgerald – Wrote about the Jazz Age • Sinclair Lewis – Focused on the emptiness and conformity of middle-class life Harlem Renaissance • Artists in the 1920’s are showing the impact of growing cities and the increasing use of machinery on American Life • Photography is becoming an art in the 1900’s • Alfred Stieglitz – Helps popularize photography – Photographed: People, airplanes, skyscrapers, and crowded streets • Murals – Piece of artwork painted directly on the wall, ceiling, or other large permanent surfaces Harlem Renaissance • Architecture • Frank Lloyd Wright – Develops the “prairie style” of domestic architecture – Used rectangular shapes and clean, horizontal lines • New York City experiences a boom in skyscraper construction during the 1920’s • Two landmarks: – The Chrysler Building and Empire State Building
