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Tempo Tempo is the speed of a piece of music. There are two ways to indicate tempo. ◦ Metronome markings ◦ Verbal descriptions A. B. C. Rhythm Speed Contour Are absolute and specific Given as beats per minute Can be estimated using a clock, but the easiest way to find them (beats) is with a metronome Metronomes come with tempo indications written on them. A tempo marking that is a word or phrase gives the conductor an idea of how fast the music should feel. ◦ Ex: Andante (medium slow tempo) Tempo depends on: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Texture (tone quality) Complexity (difficulty) How often the beat gets divided How fast the beats themselves are Traditionally, tempo instructions are given in Italian. Can vary within a piece of music. ◦ If music speeds up, it is known as accelerando ◦ If music slows down it is known as rallentando or ritardando Tempo changes are related to volume and dynamics Largo: Slow & Broad Adagio: Slow Andante: “Walking” medium slow tempo Moderato: Moderate/Medium Allegro: Fast Vivo / Vivace: Lively & brisk Presto: Very fast Prestissimo: very very fast A. B. C. Beats per minute Syncopation Scales A. B. C. The Clef musicians start on The tuning of the song How fast the music should feel A. B. C. Spanish English Italian