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Pipe Cleaner Activity Galaxies and the Big Bang Theory Star Systems and Galaxies Galaxies • A galaxy is a huge group of single stars, star systems, star clusters,dust, and gas bound together by gravity • The three different types of galaxies that exist in our universe are: • Spiral Galaxies • Elliptical Galaxies • Irregular Galaxies Spiral Galaxies • The shape of a spiral galaxy is a bulge in the middle and arms that spiral outward like pinwheels • Many bright, young stars • Spiral galaxies contain gas and dust Elliptical Galaxies • Look like round or flattened spheres • Billions of stars • Contain very little gas and dust between stars • Old stars because little gas or dust and no stars are forming any longer Irregular Galaxies • • • • Galaxy without a regular shape Smaller than other galaxies Many bright, young stars Lots of gas and dust to form new stars Milky Way • Our solar system is located in a spiral galaxy called the Milky Way. The Expanding Universe • Big Bang Theory – Universe formed in an instant – Billions of years ago – Enormous explosion • Universe is expanding – Leftover thermal energy from the big bang is cosmic background radiation Evidence that supports the Big Bang Theory -Hubble studied the light spectrum of distant galaxies and observed that it shifted toward the red end of the spectrum -Hubble compared a galaxies’ spectrum to its distance and found a red shift (object moving away=longer wavelength (red) Video Clips • www.brainpop.com – Galaxies – Big Bang www.unitedstreaming.com Deep Space: The Big Bang and the Expanding Universe