Download Everything Under and Over The Stars

Everything Under and Over
The Stars
By Charlie, Chris and Jay
Question 1, what are Stars?
Stars are big balls of dust and
bright gas that start their
life in a thing called
nebulae.
They come in all shapes, sizes,
and temperature. Stars get
their color from the
temperature they are the
hot stars are blue and the
coolest are red. The sun is
yellow because it is 5,500
degrees Celsius. The star
gets it energy by nuclear
fusion in the star's core.
What are Pulsars?
A pulsar is a fast
spinning neutron
star when a big
star collapses it
becomes a neutron
star. When that
happens the star
begins to go faster
due to the angular
momentum.
What are Neutrons and
Neutron Stars?
Neutron stars spin very
fast and are only 10-15
km in radius. Neutron
stars are made when
super giants break
down and together
comes a neutron star.
A few neutron stars
emit radio waves and
are known as pulsars.
What are White Dwarfs?
White Dwarfs are unstable
stars that have a unique
mass-radius relationship.
This is that The higher the
mass, the smaller the
radius, thus no stable white
dwarf can exist. White
dwarfs evolve from other
stars with three, four,
sometimes higher solar
masses. It then swells to a
red giant, and expels its
outer layer in an incredibly
catastrophic event
What are Red Dwarfs?
Red Dwarfs are the
coolest and most
common of stars, but
they don’t radiate as
much light as other
stars, so we don’t see
as much of them.
They cover a broad
range of sizes and
have life spans of
several billions of
years
What are Blue Giants?
Blue giant stars are
usually 10 times bigger
than our star and two
to four times hotter.
Being very large, they
use their fuel quickly
and only have a life
span of one million
years. Every blue
giant turns into a black
hole because the
neutrons cannot repel
such a tremendous
mass when it collapses.
What are Supernovas?
A supernova is when a star
runs out of fuel, and
subsequently explodes. At
this point, the star is at
the end of its life. This
means there was no matter
left to be fused to create
energy. That makes the
star collapse on its self.
This condenses the core to
unimaginable densities
If the sun went nova, what would
happen to the solar system?
There was a recent supernova
called SN1993J in a star
system, which is not
mentioned. The powerful
shockwave traveled at 44
million mph, but 5 years later
it slowed down because of
drag caused by particles.
There has been a
supernova in the Milky Way,
around the 1700’s. A stellar
explosion would be traumatic,
we would be bombarded by
high-energy radiation that
would be harmful to the
atmosphere and would harm
life on Earth.
What is Star Density?
Star density is how many stars there
are in one cubic light year. As you will
find out, there are no stars in 1 cubic
light year, but often times there will
be 4 or 5 in 1000 cly (cubic light
years). I will measure in 1000 cly for
the sake of my sanity. In 1000 cly,
there would be 2 white dwarfs and
around 18 other stars.