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박영동 교수 a planet(행성) A planet Compound Mass: 5.9736 × 1024 kg (태양의 0.00030%) Mean radius: 6,371.0 km Composition Continental Oceanic silica SiO2 60.2% 48.6% alumina Al2O3 15.2% 16.5% lime CaO 5.5% 12.3% magnesia MgO 3.1% 6.8% iron(II) oxide FeO 3.8% 6.2% sodium oxide Na2O 3.0% 2.6% potassium oxide K 2O 2.8% 0.4% Fe2O3 2.5% 2.3% water H2O 1.4% 1.1% carbon dioxide CO2 1.2% 1.4% titanium dioxide TiO2 0.7% 1.4% phosphorus pentoxide P2O5 0.2% 0.3% 99.6% 99.9% iron(III) oxide Chemical composition of the crust Formula Total 태양, 수성, 금성, 지구, 화성, (세레스),목성, 토성, 천왕성, 해왕성, (명왕 성) Distance Distance 1 AU = 149,597,870.700 ± 0.003 km ≈ 8.317 light minutes ≈ 499 light-seconds (지구에서 태양까지의 거리) 1 light-second ≈ 0.002 AU 1 light-year = 9.461×1015 m≈ 63,241 AU 1 parsec = 30.857×1015 m ≈ 206,265 AU Structure The four gas giants against the Sun: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune (Sizes to scale, distances not to scale) a Star Mass: 1.9891×1030 kg (지구의 332,900 배) 태양계 전체 질량의 99.86% Volume: 1.412×1018 km3 (지구의 1,300,000 배) 태양 자기장의 영향 composition (by mass) Hydrogen 73.46% Helium 24.85% Oxygen 0.77% Carbon 0.29% Iron 0.16% Sulfur 0.12% Neon 0.12% Nitrogen 0.09% Silicon 0.07% Magnesium 0.05% The Milky Way(우리은하) Diameter 100,000 ly Thickness 12,000 ly(gas) 1,000 ly(stars) Number of stars 200 to 400 billion Oldest star 13.2 billion yrs Mass 5.8×1011 M☉ Sun's distance to galactic center 26,000 ± 1400 ly Sun's galactic rotation period 220 million yrs (negative rotation) Spiral pattern rotation period 50 million years Bar pattern rotation period 15 to 18 million yrs Speed relative to the universe 590 km/s The Universe within 5 million Light Years The Local Group of Galaxies(국부은하군) Andromeda Galaxy Diameter Volume ~ 28 billion parsecs (about 93 billion light-years). ~ 3×1080 m3. Stars Galaxies: 3~7 × 1022 stars. ~ 80×109 galaxies. Density Atoms 9.9×10−27 kg/m3 (5.9 H atoms/m3 in energy). ~ 1080 atoms.(4.6%만 원자의 형태)