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Name Class Date Biography Ancient China Liu Bang 248?-195 BC WHY HE MADE HISTORY Liu Bang was the founder of the Han dynasty and its first emperor. As you read the biography below, think about how Liu Bang went from a peasant’s life to that of an emperor. Liu Bang was born around 248 BC to a peasant family in China. His father was a farmer, and Liu Bang worked as a police officer during the Qin dynasty. After the death of Emperor Shi Huangdi, a warlord named Hsiang Yu attempted to seize control of China. Liu Bang opposed Hsiang Yu’s plans. As a rebel leader, Liu Bang gained control of parts of western China. He then fought Hsiang Yu’s army in a civil war that lasted about four years. When Hsiang Yu committed suicide, Liu Bang gained control of all of China. Liu Bang reigned first as king from 206 to 202 BC, and then as emperor from 202 to 195 BC. During this time, Liu Bang revived feudalism in China. He replaced the original vassals with his own relatives. He gave his relatives several regional kingdoms that were controlled by a central government. During his reign Liu Bang earned a reputation as a cruel and ruthless leader, but he also did many good things for China. He eliminated many harsh laws and reduced taxes on the peasants. Liu Bang is also known for his skills in foreign affairs. Using a combination of diplomacy and military force, Liu Bang made peace with tribes that were trying to invade China from Mongolia. The Art Archive/British Library VOCABULARY feudalism government in which land is given to local rulers in exchange for loyalty and military service vassals people granted land in return for services Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 6 5576_MS'_(i*+ra.h0_Ch07.indd 6 Ancient China 6/10/05 9:16:08 PM Name Class Liu Bang, continued Date Biography Liu Bang’s rule is known as the beginning of the Han dynasty. During the Han dynasty, China made several advances in art, literature, and science. Liu Bang died in 195 BC. Although the Han dynasty collapsed around 24 AD, it had an influence on the culture and government of China that lasted well into the twentieth century. WHAT DID YOU LEARN? 1. Name two things that Liu Bang did as ruler of China. 2. Sequence Think about several things that occurred in Liu Bang’s life, and list them in sequence below. ACTIVITY 3. Write an epitaph for Liu Bang’s tomb. Include details about his life from what you have read. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 7 Ancient China Answer Key Vocabulary Builder Section 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Literature ANALYZING LITERATURE 1. The song praises the Duke of Chou for wheelbarrow Silk Road diffusion silk diffusion Silk Road silk true false—The Silk Road was a 4,000-mile-long network of routes that stretched westward from China across Asia’s deserts and mountain ranges, through the Middle East until it reached the Mediterranean Sea. coming to help the people of this region. 2. The poems reflect the thoughts and feelings of people in ancient China. Primary Source WHAT DID YOU LEARN? Confucius 1. Everyone wants to be rich and important, and everyone hates to be poor and unknown. 2. Accept any reasonable response. WHAT DID YOU LEARN? Biography Liu Bang Laozi 1. The world loves money/wealth; position/ WHAT DID YOU LEARN? rank; a long life; goodness. 2. The world hates being poor, not being important, not living a long life, and illness that takes away a person’s good looks. 1. He made peace with tribes that were trying to invade China, and he eliminated many harsh laws. 2. Liu Bang was a police officer, then became a rebel. Pang became king, then emperor of China. He made many important decisions and influenced many leaders to come. MAKE A COMPARISON 1. Accept any reasonable response. 2. Answers will vary. Examples: Confucius: Do not try to get rich if you have to give up good behavior. Laozi: Some people have more money than they can use. Both: Everyone wants to be rich. ACTIVITY 3. Answers will vary. Biography Wudi History and Geography WHAT DID YOU LEARN? 1. Possible response: They had to pay the MAP ACTIVITY price for all of the wars. Wudi was gaining control, but they only gained higher taxes. 2. Possible response: I would have liked to have lived in ancient China because I think it would be interesting to practice Confucianism. 1. 2. 3. 4. Colors will vary. Gobi Desert Colors will vary. Yellow Sea ACTIVITY 3. Answers will vary. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 27 Ancient China