Download The Endocrine System

The endocrine system is made up of
glands that release hormones into the
blood.
 Hormones are chemicals that deliver
messages throughout the body.

Hormones act by binding to specific
chemical receptors on cell membranes
or within cells.
 Cells that have receptors for a particular
hormone are called target cells.
 If a cell does not have receptors for a
particular hormone, the hormone has no
effect on it.

Endocrine glands secrete hormones
into the bloodstream.
 Exocrine glands secrete substances
through tube-like structures called ducts.
 Ex: sweat, tears, and digestive enzymes

Known as the master gland!
 Located in the brain
 Controls most other glands

Hormone
Target
Organ
Effect
Follicle
Stimulating
Hormone (FSH)
Ovaries and
Testes
Stimulates
production of
eggs and sperm
Luteinizing
Hormone (LH)
Ovaries and
testes
Prepares uterus
for implantation
of fertilized egg
Growth
Hormone (GH)
All cells and
organs
Stimulates
protein synthesis
and growth
Thyroid
Stimulating
Hormone (TSH)
Thyroid
Stimulates the
release of
thyroxine
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH): signals the
kidneys to NOT absorb water from the
blood
 When the blood has enough water or
too much water, the pituitary will stop
releasing ADH and the kidneys can
begin filtering water from the blood
again


Caffeine is a diuretic. What does this
mean?
Also located in the brain above the
pituitary gland
 Serves as a link between the nervous
system and the endocrine system
 Produces and secretes a specific
releasing hormone that controls the
hormones that the pituitary gland
secretes

Located on top of the kidneys
 Release hormones that prepare for, and
deal with, stress
 Fight or flight decisions

Epinephrine (adrenaline) and
norepinephrine
 These cause in increase in the heart rate
and the rate of breathing
 They also activate sweat glands
 Increase blood pressure
 Stimulate the release of extra glucose,
which is stored in the liver as glycogen

The pancreas is both an exocrine gland
and an endocrine gland
 As an exocrine gland, the pancreas
releases enzymes that help digest food
 As an endocrine gland, the pancreas
releases insulin, a hormone that helps
cells absorb glucose


Inside the pancreas, insulin is produced
in clusters of cells called the islets of
Langerhans

The pancreas also releases glucagon,
which stimulates the liver to break down
glycogen into glucose
When the body has enough of a
particular hormone or a hormone’s job
has been accomplished, the endocrine
gland that creates that hormone shuts
down.
 Compare this to a furnace that is set at a
particular temperature.


Type 1 Diabetes is a disorder where the
pancreas does not make enough insulin

If the pancreas does not make enough
insulin, what will happen?
The thyroid gland is located in the front
of the windpipe called the (trachea)
and just below the larynx or Adams
Apple on the neck.
 The Thyroid gland regulates your
(Metabolism) or your ability to break
down food and use it for energy.


The thyroid gland keeps your
metabolism under control by thyroid
hormones such as thyroxine.

The thyroid gland produces thyroxine by
extracting iodine from the blood.

IODINE is needed to produce thyroxine

Iodine is found in seafod, animal, plant
foods, & table salt (sodium).

A lack of thyroxine (iodine) can cause
several problems as all cells in your body
depend on thyroxine for cellular
function.

One condition is a swollen condition of
the neck which is called Goiter.

Goiter is caused by the thyroid enlarging
or becoming swollen.

SPOILER ALERT!!! The next slide is very
disturbing!

To combat this condition, the U.S.D.A.
makes salt companies add iodine to
their salt.

Since the thyroid controls metabolism,

What do you think “hypothyroidism” is?

What about “hyperthyroidism?”

Symptoms:

No energy

Loss of hair

Overweight

Overactive

Bulging eyes

ANOTHER DISTURBING SLIDE!!

4 tiny glands located on the back of the
thyroid

Releases calcitonin which causes the
bones to absorb calcium