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 5-Diamond Kidney Transplantation Module - Glossary
Antibody……….a protein that is part of the body’s immune system in response to foreign tissue.
Some antibodies are harmful to the transplant patients and can cause them to reject organs.
Blood type………. there are 4 different blood types: A, B, AB and O. For successful
transplantation, a donor’s blood type does not have to be the same however it must be compatible
with a recipient blood type. Compatible ABO Blood Types
Recipient Blood Type
Donor Blood Type
AB
Any
A
A or O
B
B or O
O
O only
Deceased Donor Kidney transplantation……….. the transplant of an organ from a deceased
patient.
Candidate.......... a person who has undergone evaluation for a kidney transplant and is registered
on the organ transplant waiting list.
Crossmatch ……….. a blood test between potential donor and recipient to detect harmful
antibodies. A “positive” crossmatch indicates there is cell destruction, which indicates a poor
match. A “negative” crossmatch means there is a good match. There is no, or minimal, destruction
of the donor’s cells and the transplant may proceed.
Donor (kidney) .......... someone from whom a kidney is recovered for transplant. A deceased
kidney donor is from a patient who has been declared dead. A living kidney donor is one who
donates one of their kidneys for transplantation.
Expanded Criteria Kidney Donor (ECD) ……….. A kidney donated from a deceased donor over
the age of 60 years; or from a donor over the age of 50 years with two of the following: history of
hypertension (high blood pressure), a serum creatinine > 1.5mg/dl, or death resulting from a stroke
(CVA).
Histocompatibility ………. a laboratory examination of the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)
also referred to as “tissue typing” that is routinely performed for all donors and recipients to help
match the donor with the most suitable recipient (compatibility). This test is performed to decrease
the likelihood of rejecting the transplanted kidney.
Immunosuppressive medications ………. medications that suppress the recipient’s immune
system (body’s natural defense against foreign objects or organisms) to prevent rejection of a
transplanted organ.
Source: Glossary (2013). HRSA.gov – Glossary. http://www.ehow.com/how_6784331_cite-online-dictionary-apa-format.html
Non-adherence ………. failure of patients to follow the instructions of the medical team which
may lead to an unstable medical condition and ineligibility for transplantation.
Non-directed Kidney Donor ………. a living person who donates a kidney to someone they do not
know (altruistic gift).
Organ Procurement Organization (OPO) ………. An organization designated by CMS and is
responsible for the procurement of organs for transplantation and the promotion of organ donation.
OPS are governed by the federal government through UNOS. OPO’s serve one or more transplant
centers in a geographical area and are the vital link between the donor and recipient by promoting
and identifying donors, retrieval, preservation and transportation of organs for transplantation.
Paired Kidney Exchange Transplant Programs ...........Transplant Center programs that match
incompatible blood type donors and recipients. For example, a husband needs a kidney and his wife
wants to donate, but their blood types are not compatible. Their names are put into a database and
their blood types are matched with another living donor and recipient whose blood types are also
not compatible. Today there are programs that involve large groups involving exchanges of multiple
donors and recipients to match kidneys for compatibility and best outcomes.
Percent Reactive Antibodies (PRA) .......... measurement estimating the percentage of donors that
a recipient will have a positive crossmatch. A higher percentage indicates the assumed degree of
difficulty to find a suitable kidney, thus critical to matching. A patient with a PRA of 80 % will be
incompatible with 80% of potential donors and are given priority on the waiting list.
Plasmapheresis ………. a procedure in which the plasma portion of the blood (including preformed harmful antibodies) is removed and replaced with a plasma-like substance. After a series of
these treatments, recipients who had antibodies in their blood are now at decreased risk of organ
rejection.
Rejection ………. occurs when a recipient’s immune system attacks a transplanted organ, tissue or
cell that is foreign to the recipient. In case of kidney transplantation, immunosuppressive
medications are given to help prevent or treat rejection.
Sensitized patients ………. potential recipients who have had a previous transplant, pregnancy, or
blood transfusions. The sensitized patients develop antibodies in their blood against a general donor
pool.
United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) …. A private federal government contractor that
manages the national organ transplant waiting list through a secure database to ensure equitable,
safe treatment of transplant candidates and recipients for best outcomes.
For further information and clarification of transplantation
terminology, call your Transplant Center Coordinator(s).
Source: Glossary (2013). HRSA.gov – Glossary. http://www.ehow.com/how_6784331_cite-online-dictionary-apa-format.html