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o Superior Labrum Anteriorposterior (SLAP) Lesion (Torn Labrum) SLAP lesions are tears in the superior glenoid labrum near the attachment site for the long head of the biceps brachii tendon. Increased tension on this tendon causes it to pull away from the labrum, subsequently resulting in a tear. Surgery is usually required. (1) o Acromioclavicular (AC) Sprain Symptoms – pain at the AC joint and possibly upper trapezius/upper scapula due to trapezius spasm, superior displacement of the clavicle, joint deformity Causes – blunt trauma to AC joint, longitudinal force applied through clavicle such as falling on outstretch arm Predispositions – none (1) o Sternoclavicular (SC) Sprain Symptoms – pain at SC joint, posterior dislocation necessitates medical emergency due to structures beneath the joint such as the subclavian artery, subclavian vein, trachea, and esophagus Figure 9 Causes – longitudinal force applied through clavicle (falling on outstretched hand), or forceful distraction of arm at the distal shoulder complex Predispositions – none (1) o Shoulder Impingement Symptoms – pain beneath the acromion process radiating to the lateral arm Causes – repetitive overhead motion Predispositions – tight posterior capsule and ligamentous tissues, irregularly shaped acromion (curved or hooked), subacromial spurs, rotator cuff weakness (1) o Shoulder Dislocation Symptoms – displacement of humeral head relative to glenoid fossa/normal joint position. Subluxation is a momentary dislocation of shoulder that does not require external force to relocate Causes – falling on out stretched hand, posterior blunt trauma, the most common joint position for dislocation/subluxation is abduction with external rotation Predispositions – Weak shoulder stabilizers (1)