Download Piriformis Syndrome. - Roland Jeffery Physiotherapy

Piriformis Syndrome.
What is Piriformis syndrome?
The Piriformis is a small muscle deep in the buttocks that rotates the leg outwards (See
Figure 1). It runs from the base of the spine and attaches to the thigh bone (femur) in
the region of where the outside crease in the buttocks is. A big nerve that supplies
sensation to the leg, called the sciatic nerve runs very close to this muscle (See Figure 1).
Figure 1: Piriformis.
What are the signs and symptoms?
Figure 1A: Sciatic
Nerve.
Piriformis syndrome is the name given to pain, if the muscle becomes ‘tight’ or irritated. The piriformis
muscle can put strain on the sciatic nerve, which causes pain - this can radiate down the leg (sciatica). The
majority of the pain however, is felt in the buttock (See Figure 2). The pain from piriformis syndrome
develops over time with most players not noticing a specific accident or incident while playing football.
There are a number of causes for piriformis syndrome. Having tight adductor muscles
(the groin muscles inside your thigh) means the outside muscles of your thigh cannot
work as efficiently as possible, and put more strain on the piriformis. A stiff and tight
lower back can also be associated with piriformis syndrome. Usually players can
continue playing and training with piriformis syndrome.
Figure 2: Piriformis pain pattern.
What can the player do?
A player who has piriformis syndrome should start to stretch the piriforms and gluteal muscles. Hold the
stretches for 30 seconds and repeat regularly throughout the day and at training (See Figure 3). The player
should also see a sports injury professional who can advise on treatment, rehabilitation and prevention.
© Roland Jeffery Physiotherapy 2011
Ph (09) 444-7643 Website www.rjphysio.co.nz
Figure 3: Piriformis Stretching.
What can a sports injury professional do?
A sports injury professional – usually a physiotherapist will be able to apply specific sports massage
techniques (See Figure 4), and stretching techniques to the Piriformis muscle. Other specific muscles
around the hip may also require stretching. The physiotherapist will also advise on strengthening the
piriformis muscle and other muscles around the hip (See Figure 5). Most
importantly the physiotherapist will discuss the players training and rest.
Finally advise on long term strengthening and rehabilitation to avoid injury
recurrence will be given – to prevent piriformis syndrome from reoccurring.
Figure 4: Massage to the
Piriformis Muscle.
Figure 5: Gluteal Muscle Strengthening.
© Roland Jeffery Physiotherapy 2011
Ph (09) 444-7643 Website www.rjphysio.co.nz