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Genetically modified apples resistant to scab containing only apple own DNA Prof. Dr. Cesare Gessler, Dr. Giovanni Broggini, Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich Dr. Andrea Patocchi, Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil (ACW) Background Cisgenesis Apple scab is the most important fungal disease in apple orchards. Its control requires frequent spray applications. Natural resistance is known, but breeding is difficult because of selfincompatibility and the genetic drag of undesired traits. Use of transgenics is questionable due to concerns of consumers and stakeholders, since foreign genes and antibiotics/herbicides resistances are introduced in cultivars. A possibly more acceptable form of genetic engineering is cisgenesis. is the genetic modification of a recipient plant with a natural gene from a crossable—sexually compatible—plant. Such a gene includes its introns and is flanked by its native promoter and terminator in the sense orientation. Cisgenic plants can harbor one or more cisgenes, but they do not contain any transgenes (e.g. selectable marker genes). (Schouten, H. J., Krens, F. A., Jacobsen, K., Jacobsen, E., 2006. Cisgenic plants are similar to traditionally bred plants - International regulations for genetically modified organisms should be altered to exempt cisgenesis. Embo Rep. 7, 750-753.) HcrVf2 B Apple scab susceptible cultivar M. floribunda 821 resistant cultivar Vf-gene Apple scab resistant cisgenic Vf- cultivar C D E F G Cloned Vf-gene Genetic engineering Project outline Technology Development ETH & Partners Benefits & Unwanted Side-effects ACW Implementation ACW Task 1: Proof of concept Task 4: Apple scab resistance tests Task 6: Stakeholder Surveys Milestone: System to remove selection markers from final product Milestone: Identify apple scab resistant lines Milestone: Stakeholder concerns and acceptance of cisgenic apples assessed Task 2: Produce cisgenic plants Milestone: Cisgenic lines transformed with HcrVf2 Task 5: Risk assessment of unwanted side-effects in an apple scab resistant cisgenic line Task 7: Dissemination of sciencebased information on technology Milestone: Quantify possible aberration in a cisgenic line Milestone: Stakeholders informed about cisgenic technology by a neutral partner Task 3: Produce cisgenic plants with multiple apple scab resistance Milestone: Cisgenic lines transformed with pyramided HcrVf2 and Vr2 Output •“Clean-vector technology” to improve apple cultivars with no selectable marker genes in the final product. The technology will allow introducing as many traits (genes or QTL regions) as available in the same cultivar, without changing its fruit quality. •Generation and testing of cisgenic apples with durable resistance to scab. •Assessment of public acceptance of cisgenic apples.