Download SARS: Sever Acute Respiratory Syndrome

SARS: SEVER ACUTE RESPIRATORY
SYNDROME
J. Trembley
CORONAVIRUS
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Common viruses
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Human coronaviruses usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses.
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Coronaviruses are named for the crown-like spikes on their surface.
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Common diseases include
• Common cold
CDC and Socio-Ec
LIFE CYCLE
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Enters the cells through membrane fusion
instead of endocytosis
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Replicates in the Nucleus
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Nucleocapsids assemble in the Rough
ER and mature by budding into the
smooth vesicles, which derive from the
Golgi apparatus.
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The smooth vesicles fuse with the cell
membrane, and the mature particles are
released.
Nature and Pubmed
CHOOSE YOUR OWN ADVENTURE
• Following time line of SARS global outbreak and discovery
• Occurred in 2003
• Began in the small farming villages of China
• Note: some of this is extrapolation
NOVEMBER 2002
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You are a Horseshoe bat in china carrying a SARS like virus. You are hungry and see a
human and a cat like mammal walking side by side. Which one do you bite?
EAT?
EAT?
FEBRUARY 2003
You are Chinese Doctor Liu Jianlun, a 64-year-old Chinese doctor who had spent time
treating cases from the original outbreak but you have traveled to Hong Kong to attend a
wedding. You begin to have a cough and some slight difficulty breathing but but its probably
just a common cold. your friend asks you to go sightseeing, what do you do?
FEBRUARY 2003
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You are WHO doctor Carlo Urbani, an infectious diseases specialist. A 47-year-old
Chinese-American businessman arrives at your hospital in Vietnam and is sick with what
appears to be Avian Influenza. You are assigned to diagnose him but are contemplating
whether or not to wear respiratory protection while you care for him, what do you do?
MARCH 2003
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You are a passenger sitting next Carlo Urbani on a plane headed for Bangkok. you see
him coughing and sneezing. you think nothing of it. Some days later you begin to get sick
and you need to sneeze in public. Do you cover your mouth with your hand or with your
elbow?
wiki
MARCH 2003
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March 2003, you are a head of Infectious disease control at WHO. You have already
issued a global health alert due to the many alerts raised by nations across the globe.
However, at this point, the disease is still unknown. many travel advisories and bans have
been implemented worldwide in attempt to quarantine off infected areas but the number of
new cases still is not dropping. You have the option to poor all your resources into one
laboratory to perform research or create a team of 11 laboratories world wide. Whats the
best option for the discovery and prevention of the disease?
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The death rate from SARS was 9 to 12% of those diagnosed. In people over age 65, the
death rate was higher than 50%. The illness was milder in younger patients.
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Many more people became sick enough to need breathing assistance. And even more
people had to go to hospital intensive care units.
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Public health policies have been effective at controlling outbreaks. Many nations have
stopped the epidemic in their own countries. All countries must continue to be careful to
keep this disease under control. Viruses in the coronavirus family are known for their
ability to change (mutate) in order to spread among humans.
(All information, unless otherwise stated, regarding the 2003 outbreak is from WIKI)
SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENTS
Symptoms
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Cough
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Difficulty breathing
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Fever greater than 100.4 degrees F (38.0
degrees C)
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Other breathing symptoms
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Chills and shaking
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Cough -- usually starts 2-3 days after
other symptoms
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Fever
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Headache
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Muscle aches
(Board)
Treatments
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Antibiotics to treat bacteria that cause
pneumonia
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Antiviral medications
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High doses of steroids to reduce swelling
in the lungs
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Oxygen, breathing support (mechanical
ventilation), or chest therapy
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In some serious cases, the liquid part of
blood from people who have already
recovered from SARS has been given as
a treatment.
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There is no strong evidence that these
treatments work well.
PREVENTION
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Reducing your contact with people who have SARS lowers your risk for the disease. Avoid
travel to places where there is an uncontrolled SARS outbreak. When possible, avoid
direct contact with persons who have SARS until at least 10 days after their fever and
other symptoms are gone.
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Hand hygiene is the most important part of SARS prevention. Wash your hands or clean
them with an alcohol-based instant hand sanitizer.
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Cover your mouth and nose when you sneeze or cough. Droplets that are released when
a person sneezes or coughs are infectious.
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Do not share food, drink, or utensils.
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Clean commonly touched surfaces with an EPA-approved disinfectant
(Board, A)
TECHNOLOGICAL RESPONSE
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Solidified global response tactics
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Developed solutions for viral/disease control in low-resource areas
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Medical technological responses are limited
WHO
WORKS CONSULTED
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Qinfen, Z., Jinming, C., Xiaojun, H., Huanying, Z., Jicheng, H., Ling, F., et al. (2004, July
1). The life cycle of SARS coronavirus in Vero E6 cells.. National Center for Biotechnology
Information. Retrieved June 10, 2014, from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15170625
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Tracking SARS back to its source. (2013, July 1). . Retrieved June 10, 2014, from
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/news/060101_batsars
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Timeline of the SARS outbreak. (2014, June 6). Wikipedia. Retrieved June 10, 2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_SARS_outbreak
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Du, L., He, Y., Zhou, Y., Liu, S., Zheng, B., & Jiang, S. (2009, March 1). The spike protein
of SARS-CoV — a target for vaccine and therapeutic development. Nature.com. Retrieved
June 10, 2014, from
http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v7/n3/fig_tab/nrmicro2090_F1.html
WORKS CONSULTED
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SARS. (2013, April 16). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved June 10,
2014, from http://www.cdc.gov/sars/
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About Coronavirus. (2014, June 5). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Retrieved June 10, 2014, from http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/about/index.html
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Board, A. (2013, January 28). Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) . Severe acute
respiratory syndrome (SARS). Retrieved June 10, 2014, from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0004460/
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Commercial Labs Patent Novel Coronavirus Delaying Diagnostic Tests!. (2013, June 8).
SocioEconomics History Blog. Retrieved June 10, 2014, from
http://socioecohistory.wordpress.com/2013/06/08/commercial-labs-patent-novelcoronavirus-delaying-diagnostic-tests/
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WHO SARS Scientific Research Advisory Committee concludes its first meeting. (2003,
October 22). WHO. Retrieved June 11, 2014, from
http://www.who.int/csr/sars/archive/research/en/
QUESTIONS?