Download Indicate "oncogene" or "tumor suppressor gene"

-1Bio 347
Exam #3
11-23-04
Name____________________________________________
I. Fill in the blanks (1 point each, 10 points total)
1. Indicate "oncogene" or "tumor suppressor gene" status for the five genes listed below by placing the
correct term in the appropriate blank
1. cyclin D _____________________
2. Rb _________________________
3. p53 ________________________
4. Her-2 ______________________
5. p16 ________________________
2. Indicate “gate keeper”, “land scaper” or “care taker” for the five genes/cells listed below
6. Rb gene_______________________
7. DNA repair genes______________________
8. Fibroblasts____________________________
9. BRCA 1 gene__________________________
10. Stromal cells___________________________
II. Matching (1 point each, 8 points total)
_____1. benign tumor
_____2. malignant tumor
_____3. antibodies
_____4. NK cells
_____5. LAK cells
_____6. c-myc
_____7. cytotoxic T cells
_____8. tumor membrane shedding
a. may be effective against circulating tumor cells
b. NK cells activated by incubation with IL-2
c. oncogene
d. tumor localized to distant sites
e. maybe effective against solid tumors
f. tumor localized to primary site
g. recognize and kill virally transformed cells
h. evade immune destruction
III.The following five statements are false, change the statements to make them true by marking through
incorrect part and put in correction (2 points each, 10 total).
1. Hereditary retinoblastoma results from overexpression of a cellular oncogene.
2. Translocation of ras gene is found in many patients with Burkitt's lymphoma.
3. p16 gene is mutated in approximately 50% of most cancers
4. Many tumor cells down-regulate class II MHC molecules.
5. Recognition of tumor cells by NK cells is MHC restricted
-2IV. Match the following investigators with scientific discovery (1 point each, 4 points total)
_______Arnie Levine
a. proposed unified hypothesis for retinoblastoma
_______Al Knudson
b. cloned and sequenced Rb
_______Bob Weinberg
c. discovered p53
_______M. Bishop & H.Varmus
d. discovered oncogene Erb-B
V. Multiple Choice (2 points each, 50 total points)
1. Inherited cancers account for approximately _______% of all cancers
A. 5-10%
D. 50%
B. 10-15%
E. 90%
C. 15-20%
2. Cancers:
A. are clonal in origin
D. A and C are correct
B. are multiclonal in origin
E. B and C are correct
C. have undergone mutational events
4. Reduction of total kilocalories in the diet by _______% has been shown to inhibit tumorigenesis in
mouse studies.
A. 5%
D. 70%
B. 40%
E. 20%
C. 10%
5. Breast cancer rates are different based on where one lives. For example, the incidence of breast
cancer in U.S. is high and low in Japan. The breast cancer incidence of third generation Japanese women
(Japanese marriages) living in the U.S.
A. is low, suggesting a role for genetics in the origin of breast cancer
B. is high, suggesting a role for life style/environmental factors in the origin of breast cancer
C. is much higher than U.S. population, suggesting a role for genetics & life style/environment
D. none of the above
6. Chemically induced cancer can be described as occurring in the following order
A. progression, promotion, initiation
D. promotion, progression, initiation
B. initiation, promotion, progression
E. promotion, initiation, progression
C. initiation, progression, promotion
7. A major mutagen-carcinogen in tobacco smoke is:
A. benzo[a]pyrene
D. artificial dyes
B. pyrrolizidines
E. pipeerines
C. hydrazines
-38. The concept (theory) that the immune response system plays a major role in destruction of aberrant
(cancer) cells is called
A. immune inhibition
D. immune surveillance
B. immune enhancement
E. immune protection
C. immune destruction
9. A high percentage of NK cells from humans express _______marker on their cell surface membrane
A. CD4
D. T cell receptor
B. CD 16
E. MHC class I and II
C. CD 8
10. Chemical carcinogens, such as the multitude of carcinogens in cigarettes, can cause cancer by
having effects on the following stage(s) of tumor development:
A. initiation
D. A and C are correct
B. promotion
E. A, B, and C are correct
C. progression
11. Support for homozygous recessive mode of inheritance for retinoblastoma (cancer of the eye) come
from family studies showing:
A. homozygous dominant individuals rarely express retinoblastoma
B. heterozygous individuals express late development of retinoblastoma in the left or right eye
C. homozygous recessive individuals express early development of retinoblastoma in both eyes
D. A and C are correct
E. A, B and C are correct
12. A clump of cancer cell localized to fatty tissue that do not have a blood supply can:
A. undergo DNA replication
D. develop a blood supply and move to other sites
B. undergo mRNA formation
E. all of the above
C. undergo protein formation
13. Cell cycle check points (delay for DNA damage check and repair) occur at:
A. G0/G1 cell cycle interface
D. A and B are correct
B. G1/S cell cycle interface
E. B and C are correct
C. G2/M cell cycle interface
14. The following is/are examples of tumor suppressor genes:
A. P21
D. A and B are correct
B. P16
E. A, B and C are correct
C. ERB-B
15. The statement “cancer is a genetic disorder” means:
A. Most cancers are inherited
B. Most cancers develop due to a single mutational event
C. Most cancers develop due to multiple mutational events
D. A and B are correct
E. A and C are correct
-416. What are the first and second leading causes of cancer?
A. Air and water pollution
D. B and C are correct
B. Tobacco
E. B and D are correct
C. Pesticides in food
17. Which of the following factors is/are linked to cancer development in humans?
A. Intense sun exposure
D. Hormones
B. Overeating and obesity
E. All of the above
C. Chronic inflammation and infection
18. Movement of cancer cells from the primary site of origin to another site is referred to as:
A. translocation
D. adenoma
B. locomotion
E. carcinoma
C. metastasis
19. Genes that function to suppress cell division are referred to as:
A. Tumor suppression genes
D. non-chromosomal genes
B. Oncogenes
E. none of the above
C. Tumorigenesis genes
20. Her-2/Neu is an example of a(an):
A. tumor suppression genes
B. oncogenes
C. tumorigenesis genes
D. non-chromosomal genes
E. DNA repair genes
21, The probability that cancer will develop is greatly increased if a particular human cell possesses:
A. mutation of the Ras gene
D. mutation of DNA repair genes
B. mutation of the beta 2 microglobulin gene E. all of the above
C. mutation of the fas receptor gene
22. In order to grow and metastasize, caners need a blood supply. The formation of blood vessels is
under genetic control. Which genes are involved in contributing to blood vessel formation?
A. angiostatin genes
D. A and C are correct
B. angiogenic genes
E. None of the above
C. epithelial genes
23. The greatest risk of developing cancer (using breast cancer as an example, but true of most cancer)
is:
A. exposure to the sun
D. aging
B. exposure to pesticides
E. obesity
C. Tobacco use
24. Which cancer is responsible for the greatest number of deaths/year of females?
A. ovarian cancer
D. lung cancer
B. endometrial cancer
E. liver cancer
C. breast cancer
-5-
25. Which cancer is responsible for the greatest number of deaths/year of males?
A. testicular cancer
D. liver cancer
B. prostate cancer
E. colon cancer
C. lung cancer
VI.
Short Answers (18 points total)
1.Define chromosomal translocations, and describe how translocations can contribute to the
development of certain types of cancers. (3 points)
2. What are the 3 major functions of p53 in the cell cycle (3 points)
3.(a) Describe how tumor cells may be killed by cytotoxic T cells. (b) Describe mechanisms used by
tumor cells to avoid immune destruction by cytotoxic T cells (3 points).
-64. Explain (diagram) the pro-life and pro-death pathways found in cells. Mention all the relevant players
and describe in detail how the pro-life signaling pathway in tumor cells down-regulate the pro-death
signaling pathways (5 points).
5. Explain the 3 steps that Bob Weinberg used to create a tumor cell from a normal cell. Mention the
relevant players in each step, and explain how each contributed to the conversion of normal cells to
cancer cells (4 points).
Bonus Questions (3 points Total)
1. Mice with a knock-out of p53 are able to survive for an extended period of time.
survive when they are lacking functional p53? (1.5 points)
How do the mice
2. In colon cancer, mutation of p53 is a late event, occurring after tumor development. What effect will
mutation of p53 as a late event have on tumor growth? (1.5 points)