Download Franz Schubert (1797-1828) - Stephen F. Austin High School Choir

Franz Schubert (1797-1828)
Franz Peter Schubert (1797-1828)
• He was one of the leading composers of the Romantic Era
• Major types of composition
• Early Life
– Born in Vienna, Austria on January 31, 1797
– Learned Music at the age of 5
– Played viola for family quartet
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• Midlife
– He left the Stadtkonvikt, and returned home to train as a teacher
– Sang soprano in his choir
– By 1815, he composed 20,000 bars of music
Lieders
Symphonies
Liturgical Music
Operas
Chamber Music
Piano Solos
• He was known to experiment with his music and try unheard of
styles
• He gained appreciating for his music only after his death
• He was not aware of his brilliance
• Late Life
– dedicated Fantasie in F Minor to his most beloved pupil,
Countess Karoline Eszterházy.
– Died of a Typhoid fever at the age of 31
1. People never considered him great
2. Many thought his style was reckless
• Major Works
1. The Trout Quintet
2. The Unfinished Symphony (No. 8)
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Robert Schumann (1810-1856)
Franz Schubert
• Franz Schubert uses the piano to establish the mood of urgency and danger.
•Composed in the form of a Lied which is basically a German art song used
specifically in 19th century.
I. Involves characters in his Lieds. Helps him establish more variety in terms of
vocal range.
•
Influenced by sonata forms by Beethoven and Mozart.
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Most well known compositions
The Erlking
Great Symphony in C Major
Unfinished symphony (died before he could complete)
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In 1815, he composed over 20,000 bars of music.
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• Age 7:
• Received general musical and piano instructions from Baccalaureus Kuntzsch, a teacher at the Zwickau High school.
• 1st undertook the study of law because of his mom but wanted to become a pianist.
• His dream ended because of physical disabilities with the finger on his right hand.
• Got married in 1840 which was his “year of song”
• Recovered from nervous breakdown in Dresden.
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Fanny Mendelssohn (1805-1847)
-Her brother, Felix, and her both had great
music talents at a young age.
-Societal norms prevented her from publishing
her music.
-She was a composer, pianist, and also had
regular Sunday concerts at her home
-Towards the end of her lifetime, she saw
societal norms change, and her work
published.
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Fanny Mendelssohn
Frederic Chopin 1810-1849
• National composer of Poland
• Older sister of Felix Mendelssohn
• Composed almost exclusively for piano
• Was very musically talented but never appreciated in her
ti
time
period
i dd
due tto unequall ttreatment
t
t off women
• Child Podgy-compared to Mozart and
Bach
• Immigrated to France and Fell in love
with George Sand
• Music was greatly influenced by romantic era’s love of
nature
• Traveled much before his health
prevented it.
• Music was not published until after her death
• Died in Paris of Tuberculosis at age 39
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Frederic François Chopin
(1810-1849)
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He is Credited with creating the modern piano playing style.
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His Works were so amazing, most of them were left unaltered
(seldom happens).
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Franz Liszt (1811-1886)
• Born in Hungary in 1811
• Became one of the best pianists of his day
– Known to make women faint because his music was so
romantic
– Stood playing piano rather than sitting
Style utilized
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Chromaticism
Counterpoint
Tempo Rubato (meaning borrowed or robbed time)
• Withdrew from the concert stage at the height of his fame in
order to devote himself to composing
Works and accomplishments
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• In his last years, Liszt sought peace by entering the church
– Composed religious works
Fantasy in F Minor
Sonata in B Minor
Nocturne in C Minor (This is his most Famous Piece).
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Franz Liszt (1811-1886)
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Clara Schumann
• He invented the symphonic poem, which
is a one-movement orchestral work with
a literary or pictorial
• Her playing was admired for
– technical mastery
– Depth
– sincerity of feeling
• He is known for his use of thematic
transformation
– Used to create a multiple of moods in
different scenes
• Her
H d
death
th occurred
dd
due tto suffering
ff i ffrom stroke
t k iin 1896
• Made her first public appearance as a concert artist in Leipzig
• He was a famous pianist who had many
famous piano pieces including:
– Hungarian Rhapsodies
– Liebestraum (Love Dream)
– La Campanella (The Little Bell)
• Became known as a leading interpreter of Brahms and Chopin
• Accepted the 19th century attitude of women to not have the desire
to compose, yet still gained a lot of fame
• He was inspired by the violinist Paganini
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Clara Schumann - Scherzo Opus 10
Hector Berlioz
•Scherzo, Opus 10
•composed in 1838, in Paris
•Clara was only 19 when she composed it
•Scherzo was in D minor
•Piece was typical of the romantic period because of the vivid piano strokes
•Structure
•impetuous scherzo expanded to include 2 trios •sudden dissonances and accents added to the drama
•main theme: • exuberant rising figure
• builds steadily to the fortissimo ending
• Born in France
• He began studying music at age 12, when he
began writing small compositions and
arrangements
g
he never
• Result of his father's discouragement,
learned to play the piano.
• Proficient at guitar, flageolet and flute.
• Learned harmony by textbooks alone
• The majority of his early compositions were
romances and chamber pieces
• At age 12, first passion for a woman, an 18-year14
old next door neighbor, Estelle Fornier
Johannes Brahms (1833-1897)
Hector Berlioz (1803‐1869)
•He was known as the boldest innovator of the 19th century
•Made famous by Robert Schumann’s journal, “New Paths”
•French composer and conductor
•Classical viewpoint of music, but it sounded more Romantic than
classical
•Shared techniques with other musical prodigies
•Influenced most by the famous Beethoven
•Counterpoint: two voices harmonizing (polyphony)
•Claimed to be in love with William Shakespeare
•Bach
•Development: idea is communicated throughout a
musical work
•He influenced many artists
•Hadyn, Mozart, Beethoven
•Most famous piece was the complex Symphonie Fantastique
•Only composed 4 symphonies
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Johannes Brahms (music)
Johannes Brahms (music)
• Many of Brahms pieces were hits and the people of
Germany and Vienna continued to grew to admire Him.
•Wanted to revive Classical undertones
• He always had to edit each piece after writing it, just to
make sure it was perfect.
•Waited until 40s to release first symphony
•Only wrote 4 symphonies
• Example: His German Requiem, which he preformed
and performed it again after making changes.
•Musically, one of the most famous and
important Romantic composers
• His first orchestral work, was based on themes from
Haydn, it to was also revised twice before he felt it was
perfect.
•Helped carry the German master torch
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Antonin Dvorak(1841-1904)
Antonin Dvořák (1841-1904)
• -life in Czech Republic
*playing viola at the age of 16 at the Czech Republic national
theater
*time of his earliest works
• -became a composing instructor and influenced
many African American song writers during the time.
• Musical
M i l pieces
i
-Te Deum
-Slavonic dresses
-String Quintet No. 2, Piano Trio No. 1
- Symphony No. 7
• -growing popularity in Europe and the U.S
*became director of national conservatory of music in New York
• Accomplishments/Works:
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Composed 9 symphonies
Only 5/9 symphonies were widely known
Worked on the newly developed Symphonic poem
Composed more than 40 works for ensembles with strings
Focused on Opera
p
and chamber music
“From The New World” Symphony (most successful/popular)
• Influence/Inspiration:
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Influenced by the Czech traditional music
Also influenced by Bedřich Smetana
Gained inspiration from Native African-American music
Influenced other composers (Mariah Anderson)
Played an important role in the development of American Music
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Felix Mendelssohn
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Felix Mendelssohn
• Born in 1809 in Germany
• Strove to preserve classical forms in the Romantic Era
• His sister (Fanny Mendelssohn) was a gifted pianist
• Composed so fast that he was compared to Mozart and Schubert
• He worked as a
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Pianist
Conductor
Organizer of music festivals
Educator
• His Violin concerto in E minor was his last composition
– It had 3 movements
• 1st: Allegro Molto Apassionato
• 2nd: Andante
• 3rd: Allegro Molto Vivaco
• Notable accomplishments
-His performance of Bach’s St Matthew PassionThis turned out to
be a turning point in the nineteenth century
- Revived the music of Johann Sebastian Bach
• Died at 38 ( believed to be a stroked caused by Fanny’s death)
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Wagner
Wagner •
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•
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Was influenced by Beethoven
Was a choir master
Wrote operas He was notable for his use of complex texture, rich harmonies and orchestration, and the elaborate use of leitmotifs
• Loved music and is most famous for Die Wakure (The Vakyrie) Die Wakure (The Valkyrie) Act III Finale.
– Written in 1856
– Written in E Major
– Has a sense of:
• Endless melody
• Continuous orchestral sound
• 4 themes
»
»
»
»
Slumber
Magic Sleep
Magic Fire
Siegfried
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George Bizet (1838-1875)
•Born and raised in Paris
•Bizet was admitted to the Conservatoire two weeks
before his 10th birthday
Famous Orchestral Music
•Incidental music for L’arlesinne (The woman of Aries 1872)
Some of his works that got his music noticed
•Lespecheurs de Perles
de Perles (The pearl Fishers 1863)
(The pearl Fishers 1863)
•La Jolie Fille de Perth (The fair Maid of Perth 1867)
•He
H won th
the hi
highest
h t award,
d P
Prix
i d
de
Rome , in the conservatoire
One of Bizet’s most credible works
•The Carmen (Opera play)
‐Main characters
‐Carmen (Sang mezzo‐soprano)
‐Don Jose (Sang Tenor)
•In 1853 he joined Fromental
Halevy’s composition class
•His most famous opera was Carmen
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Giacomo Puccini
Puccini
• Puccini is mainly known for his Operas
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Birth In Italy
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At 5 went to go study with uncle
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Decided he wanted to be a composer at 17
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Wrote Messa di Gloria
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Failed in his second composition Edgar
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Spent time in Torre del Lago after 1891 and wrote operas there
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Wrote Madama Butterfly
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Died of throat cancer because he was a smoker
– but he has some instrumental music including:
• Orchestral, chamber, and piano works.
• He has written 12 operas in total including:
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La Boheme
Tosca
Turandot ( was incomplete because Puccini died)
Madame Butterfly
• Madame Butterfly
– Wrote 5 different versions
– His second was more successful
– But his FIFTH version is held as the standard
version of today
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Tchaikovsky
Tchaikovsky
• Was a famous ballet writer
• Born in Votinsk, russia
– Swan Lake,
– Sleeping Beauty
– The Nutcracker
• Homosexual, but still
married to a woman
• Very
V
ffamous for:
f
• Fled later to go to St.
S
Petersburg
– Romeo and Juliet Fantasy
Overture
– Probably the most romantic
piece of the era.
• In 1893, he died.
• Suicide is often speculated
as the cause.
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Giuseppe Verdi
Giuseppe Verdi (1813 – 1901)
• One of the most accomplished opera writers of his time, composing masterpieces until his death
• Outpour of great Operas between 1855 and 1867
• Utilized the High C in his tenor arias.
• Music is used outside of Opera houses around the world
• Personal life – humble beginnings and end
– Grew up in poverty
– Talent was nurtured through patronage
– Died a proud Italian living a simple life
Famous Operas include:
• Music
– Unique, often criticized by others
– Nationalistic in nature
– Macbeth, 1847
– Don Carlos, 1867
– Otello, 1887
• Notable works
– Rigoletto
– Otello
– Nabucco
– MacBeth
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Giuseppe Verdi 1813- 1902
• Very nationalistic composer
•Built a home for retired musicians in Milan
•First composer to really have his own style
•Rigoletto is his most famous opera
•Rigoletto is his most famous opera
•Rigoletto is his first accomplishment as a composer
•One of the most widely performed operas today
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Amy Beach’s Works
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Bedrich Smetana (1824-1884)
•He was regarded as the founder of Czech music.
•He was a gifted child prodigy on the classical
piano.
• Symphony E Minor
– Her first known symphony
– By an American woman
•His compositional efforts were encouraged by
Franz Liszt
•His
Hi patriotic
t i ti ffeelings
li
were awakened
k
db
by th
the P
Prague
Revolution.
• Violin Sonata in A minor
– Reviews were positive
– It bears the stamp of originality
– Signaled final strains of American Romanticism
•He was prolific till the end of his life.
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Some of his notable works:
1. Richard III
2. Wallenstein's Camp
3. Libuse
4. The Bartered Bride
•He married Katerina
Kolerova, whom for several
years had been his pupil.
•His last days were spent in a
mental asylum cause by the
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ill health.
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Bedrich Smetana
 The importance of mastery of Czech Language
 Smetana's patriotic feelings was awakened by the Prague Revolution  German remained the official language for Bohemia.  Harmonically and structurally influenced by the music of Liszt and Berlioz.  He is also noted as the real founder of Czech music; a direct musical forerunner of Dvoràk, Suk, Janacek and Martinu
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