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Oak Collecaon Cornell Plantaaons Plant List Last Updated 7/31/12 Common Name
Scientific Name
Quercus ×bebbiana
BEE BEE'S OAK
Quercus ×bimundorum ('Midwest' PRAIRIE STATURE™)
HYBRID OAK
Quercus ×hawkinsiae
OAK
Quercus ×heterophylla
BARTRAM OAK
Quercus ×leana
OAK HYBRID
Quercus ×macdanielii
BUR-‐ENGLISH OAK
Quercus ×macdanielii ('Clemons' HERITAGE®)
BUR-‐ENGLISH OAK
Quercus ×rosacea
HYBRID OAK
Quercus ×sargentii
OAK HYBRID
1
Notes
Leaves very large, variable, more or less lobed, pubescent beneath (!), usually with 5 lobes on either side; fruits solitary (occasionally 2-‐3 stunted ones together), the cup deeper than that of Q. alba and without the fringed limb. Appears among the parents.
Pyramidal tree with emerald-‐green, semi-‐
glossy, leathery foliage that turns red in autumn. Will reach semi-‐mature height of 30 to 40 in 25 to 30 years.
No description found.
Deciduous tree reaching 80' in height; leaves variable in shape, usually oblong to elliptic, to 6" long; acorns nearly sessile, very similar to those of Q. rubra (DS 7).
Large, deciduous tree resembling Q. imbricaria more than Q. velutina. Young branchlets flushed red, pubescent. Leaves 8-‐
12(-‐17)cm. Acorns solitary or paired, 2cm; cupule encloses half of acorn. This hybrid often occurs naturally.
No useful description found.
A broadly pyramidal tree reaching 60-‐80' in height and 40-‐50' in width, becoming oval with age. Summer foliage is dark green, glossy, tough, and tatter-‐resistant, as well as mildew-‐ resistant, turning yellowish-‐brown in fall. A fast growing, vigorous specimen tree.
Naturally occurring hybrid. Deciduous tree to 35m. Young branchlets soon glabrous. Leaves obovate to sub-‐elliptic, subcordate, base narrow. Acorn peduncle 1-‐3cm. Scattered in parts of parents' range.
Closely resembles Q. prinus but leaves are dentate, base cordate to auriculate.
Common Name
Scientific Name
Quercus ×schuettei
SCHUETTES OAK
Quercus ×warei ('Long' REGAL PRINCE)
HYBRID OAK
Quercus ×warei ('Nadler' KINDRED SPIRIT®)
HYBRID OAK
Quercus acutissima
SAWTOOTH OAK
Quercus acutissima 'Gobbler'
SAWTOOTH OAK
Quercus alba GOLD MEDAL
WHITE OAK
2
Notes
A naturally occuring hybrid found where the ranges of Q. macrocarpa and Q. bicolor overlap. Plants of medium growth rate, reaching 70' with a densely rounded crown, and producing large, low-‐tanin acorns. Suggested as a good choice for wildlife feed.
An upright-‐oval tree reaching 40-‐60' in height and 20-‐25' in width. Foliage is exceptionally attractive, dark green above, silvery beneath, turning yellowish-‐brown in fall. Tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions, including wet and dry soils.
'Nadler' is the result of seed collected in the fall of 1974 from a tree of Quercus robur fastigiata. All seedlings grown from seed collected from this one tree proved to be F1 hybrids (between the female parent Quercus robur fastigiata and the male parent Quercus bicolor). 'Nadler' is an extremely narrow-‐
upright form that keeps a uniform width nearly to its top. It is very strong wooded with dark green leathery foliage that is highly resistant to powdery mildew. It is hardy in Zone 4. A dense, broad pyramid in youth, varying in old age from oval-‐rounded to broad-‐rounded with low-‐slung, wide-‐spreading branches. Plants reach 35' to 45' in height with variable width. Foliage opens a brilliant yellow to golden-‐yellow in spring, becoming deep lustrous green in summer, often developing a good clear yellow to golden brown fall color, late, often in November. Bark deeply ridged and furrowed, appearing almost corky on older trunks.
Result of open pollinated progeny that produce early and abundant acorns for wild turkey food (DS 318). Introduced by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service (DS 377).
Pyramidal when young, upright-‐rounded to broad rounded with wide-‐spreading branches at maturity. Can reach well over 100' in height in the wild; width far exceeds height. Fall color varies from brown to a rich red to a wine color and lasts for a long period of time.
Common Name
Scientific Name
Quercus arkansana
ARKANSAS OAK
Quercus bicolor ('JFS-‐KW18' HEARTLAND™)
SWAMP WHITE OAK
Quercus bicolor (Urban Tree of the Year)
SWAMP WHITE OAK
Quercus castaneifolia
CHESTNUT LEAF OAK
Quercus cerris
TURKEY OAK
Quercus cerris × indet.
TURKEY OAK HYBRID
Quercus coccinea
SCARLET OAK
Quercus ('Crimschmidt' CRIMSON SPIRE™)
HYBRID OAK
3
Notes
Tree with thick, nearly black bark, dividied by deep fissures into long narrow ridges, growing to 40' in cultivation. Leaves broadly obovate, slightly 3-‐lobed or dentate at the wide apex, cuneate at the base. Acorn broad-‐
ovoid, rounded at apex, enclosed only at base in the flat saucer-‐shaped cup.
Vigorous growing, upright pyramidal tree with yellow fall color. Glossy leaves are resistant to anthracnose and mildew. Usually drops its winter brown leaves by mid-‐
December.
Plants form broad, open, round-‐topped crown with a short, limby trunk; 50-‐60' tall with an equal or greater spread. Bark flaky, grayish-‐brown, divided by deep longitudinal fissures into rather long flat ridges.
Tree reaching 35m in height with a large rounded and broadly spreading crown and rough-‐textured, corky bark. Leaves 6-‐16cm long, narrowly elliptic to oblong-‐lanceolate, the margins with triangular saw-‐teeth.
A striking, round-‐headed tree reaching 40'-‐
60' in height and width. Bark blackish, raised into checkered plates; fall color absent or yellow-‐brown. So far has proven highly adaptable to a wide variety of cultural conditions including clay soils, low temperatures, and drought.
A large and fast-‐growing hybrid that reaches 80' at maturity and averages 2' of growth annually; acorns large, to 2" long; tolerates alkaline, clay, or extremely dry soils when established; leaves may remain until December.
Plants reach 70-‐75' in height with a spread of 40-‐50' under landscape conditions, but can attain 100' in height in the wild. Habit similar to that of Q. palustris, but becomes more rounded and open at maturity. Fall color scarlet.
This columnar selection (45' x 15') originated as a hybrid of Q. robur and Q. alba. White oak parentage provides dark green, mildew resistant foliage and reddish fall color. Fastigiate growth habit is inherited from the English oak side.
Common Name
Scientific Name
Quercus dalechampii
OAK
Quercus dentata
JAPANESE EMPEROR OAK
Quercus dentata 'Pinnatifida'
JAPANESE EMPEROR OAK
Quercus ellipsoidalis
NORTHERN PIN OAK
Quercus faginea
PORTUGUESE OAK
4
Notes
A small tree with oblong to obovate-‐
lanceolate, 8-‐13cm long leaves, the base truncate to subcordate, sinuately lobed to pinnatifid, the lobes 5-‐7 on each side, ovate to lanceolate, acute, soon becoming glabrous; acorns held in groups of 1-‐3, ovate, to 2cm long, the cupule scales thick, rough, gray-‐white, tomentose, enclosing about 1/3 of the acorn.
Deciduous tree, fast growing to 20-‐25m. Trunk to 1m diameter. Crown large, rounded. Bark brown, fissured and split into large subrectangular plates, grey-‐scaly. Acorns ripe in first year, 1.2-‐2.4x1.2-‐1.7cm, ovoid to subglobose, ochre yellow, glabrous, apex rounded, mucronate; cupule hemispherical, scales adpressed, upper scales erect to recurved, enclosing more than half of acorn.
Deciduous tree, fast growing to 20-‐25m. Trunk to 1m diameter. Crown large, rounded. Bark brown, fissured and split into large subrectangular plates, grey-‐scaly. Branches spreading to ascending. Acorns ripe in first year 1.2-‐2.4x1.2-‐1.7cm, ovoid to subglobose, ochre yellow, glabrous, apex rounded, mucronate; cupule hemispherical, scales adpressed, upper scales erect to recurved, enclosing more than half of acorn.
Tall tree similar to Quercus palustris, reaching 25m with gray bark, smooth or with flat grooves; young buds tomentose, leaves elliptic, 8-‐12 cm long, deeply 5-‐6 lobed, sinuate, the lobes coarsely dentate, base truncate to broadly cuneate, soon totally glabrous except for the pubescent vein axils beneath. Acorns ellipsoid to nearly globose, 1-‐
2 cm long, appressed, light brown, finely pubescent.
A semi-‐evergreen tree or shrub reaching 20m in height in the wild; bark is very thick, brown or gray, checkered with rectangular plates; acorns about 2.5cm long, oval-‐oblong, about 1/3 enclosed in the cup, ripening in the first year, paired or solitary on a stalk about 1cm long.
Common Name
Scientific Name
Quercus falcata
SOUTHERN RED OAK
Quercus frainetto
HUNGARIAN OAK
Quercus gambelii
GAMBEL OAK
Quercus gambelii × macrocarpa
HYBRID OAK
Quercus garryana × variabilis
HYBRID OAK
Quercus georgiana
GEORGIA OAK
5
Notes
Deciduous tree to 30m. Branches spreading, forming a rounded or ovoid crown. Bark dark brown tinted red, sometimes pale, deeply fissured into large, scaly plates. Acorns ripe in second year, 1.2-‐1.4x1-‐1.5cm, subglobose, apex mucronate, light red-‐brown, puberulent at fist; cupule obconical or a flat cup, red-‐
brown, shining, scales adpressed, mostly glabrous, enclosing only base or to 1/3 of acorn.
Tree to 30 m in height; crown ovate at first, becoming rounded with age; young shoots pubescent only at first, later glabrous. Fast grower.
Deciduous tree reaching 6 m in height, although often only a stoloniferous shrub, the twigs gray-‐yellow, pubescent at first, later olive-‐brown. Leaves obovate to oblong, 7-‐12 cm long with 3-‐6 oblique, uneven lobes on either side, the sinuses running to the midrib, base cuneate to rounded, dull green above, light gray-‐green beneath, short-‐
pubescent, the petiole 1-‐2 cm long. Fruits sessile, acutely ovate, the acorns 1.5-‐2 cm long, 1/2 enclosed by the cup.
A graft from a seedling selection.
Drought-‐tolerant tree, about medium height, slow growing, has a characteristic oval profile, leaves are deciduous, fruit is an acorn. It can be host to galls, created by wasps.
Deciduous shrub reaching 1.5-‐4 m in height with a broad habit and glabrous twigs. Leaves ovate to obovate, 6-‐12 cm long, fall color orange and scarlet. Fruits paired or soliatary on a very short, thick stalk, the acorn oval, acute, about 1 m long, nearly half enclosed within the hemispherical cup, this glossy on the interior.
Common Name
Scientific Name
Quercus ilicifolia
SCRUB OAK
Quercus imbricaria
SHINGLE OAK
Quercus lyrata
OVERCUP OAK
Quercus macrocarpa
BUR OAK
Quercus macrocarpa × bicolor
OAK HYBRID
Quercus macrocarpa × montana
OAK HYBRID
Quercus macrocarpa 'Ashworth'
ASHWORTH MOSSY-‐CUP OAK
Quercus macrocarpa ('JFS-‐KW3' Urban Pinnacle®)
Notes
Dense divaricate shrub or small tree reaching 4-‐6 m in height; leaves usually obovate, 5-‐12 cm long, usually with 2 lobes on either side separated by a deep sinus, base broadly cuneate, entire or with some bristly teeth, dark green and glabrous above, whitish-‐
tomentose beneath, fall color yellow to reddish-‐brown. Fruits oval, short-‐stalked, acorns 1 cm long, about half enclosed in a shell-‐form cup.
Pyramidal to upright-‐oval in youth, assuming a broad-‐rounded outline in old age, often with drooping lower lateral branches; plants reach 50' to 60' in height (can attain 80' to 100') with an equal or greater spread.
Round-‐headed tree with short branches and often pendulous twigs, the young shoots soft-‐
pubescent becoming glabrous in winter. Fruits sessile or short-‐stalked, acorns nearly globose or ovate , about 1.5-‐2.5 cm high almost fully enclosed within the cup.
Weakly pyramidal to oval in youth, gradually developing a massive trunk and a broad crown of stout branches. Plants reach 70' to 80' in height with an equal or slightly greater spread; can reach over 100' in height. Fall color dull yellow, yellow-‐green, or yellow-‐
brown. Bark rough, developing deep ridged and furrowed character, usually dark grey in color.
Name description for the seed source: Tree 50' tall, dbh 15". Acorn cup deep like with Q. macrocarpa but with a minimal fringe, and an elongated peduncle reminiscent to Q. bicolor.
Description for parent tree: Tree, 60' tall, dbh 2'.
Mother tree is a precocious producer of high quality acorns containing almost no tannic acid. The seedlings (listed as 'Ashworth Strain') from this tree are all F1 ("mother-‐
son") backcrosses with the best one of hundreds of seedlings grown 30 years ago.
It is narrowly pyramidal, with dark green disease resistant foliage. Acorns are very small for a bur oak. You can expect it to grow 55' tall x 25' wide under city conditions.
BUR OAK
6
Common Name
Scientific Name
Quercus macrocarpa var. macrocarpa (Urban Tree of the Year)
BUR OAK
Quercus marilandica
BLACKJACK OAK
Quercus michauxii
BASKET OAK
Quercus mongolica
MONGOLIAN OAK
7
Notes
Weakly pyramidal to oval in youth, gradually developing a massive trunk and a broad crown of stout branches. Plants reach 70' to 80' in height with an equal or slightly greater spread; can reach 170' in height. Fall color dull yellow, yellow-‐green, or yellow-‐brown. Bark rough, developing deep ridged and furrowed character, usually dark grey in color. Fruit usually solitary, sessile or long-‐
stalked, exceedingly variable in size and shape; nut ellipsoidal or broad ovoid.
Small, slow-‐growing, gnarled, broad-‐headed tree reaching 6-‐10 m in height; bark thick, nearly black, shoots tomentose in the first year, brown and glabrous in the second. Leaves broadly obovate, usually truncate and bilobed at the apex, base tapered, 10-‐20 cm long, tough, deep green and glossy above, lighter with rusty pubescence beneath, fall color brown or yellow. Fruits short-‐stalked, grouped 1-‐2, long-‐ovate, to 2 cm long, often striped, about half covered by the cup.
Tree reaching 30 m in height with light gray, scaly bark. Leaves obovate to oblong, 10-‐16 cm long, acute, rather coarsely and regularly dentate with 10-‐14 obtuse teeth on either side, bright green (!), and glossy above, gray-‐
tomentose or velvety beneath, the petiole 1.5-‐3.5 cm long. Fruits shorter stalked than the leaves (!), the acorns oval-‐oblong, about 3 cm long, 1/3 enclosed by the cup, the scales on the base of the cup much thickened, the apical limb composed of stiff, fringed scales.
Tall tree, reaching 25 to 30 m; young shoots glabrous; leaves obovate to obovate-‐oblong, 10 to 20 cm long, obtuse, tapered and auriculate at the base with 7 to 10 broad, usually obtuse, coarse teeth, dark green above, lighter and glabrous beneath or pubescent only on the venation, densely clustered at the shoot tips, petiole 4 to 8 mm long; fruits ovate, 2 cm long, nearly sessile, acorns 1/3 covered by a thick cup, scales warty, the apical ones fringed-‐acuminate.
Common Name
Scientific Name
Quercus montana
CHESTNUT OAK
Quercus montana × alba
OAK HYBRID
Quercus montana × indet.
HYBRID CHESTNUT OAK
Quercus muehlenbergii
YELLOW CHESTNUT OAK
Quercus muehlenbergii × bicolor
HYBRID OAK
Quercus nigra
WATER OAK
Quercus 'Ooti'
OAK
8
Notes
Rounded, relatively dense tree reaching 60' to 70' in height with a comparable but irregular spread. Leaves 4"-‐6" long, 1.5"-‐3.5" wide, ovate to obovate-‐oblong, acute or acuminate, cuneate or rounded at base, coarsely and irregularly toothed with 10-‐14 pairs of obtuse, often mucronate teeth, lustrous dark yellow-‐green above, grayish tomentulose beneath. Fall color orange-‐
yellow to yellow-‐brown. Acorns sweet.
Vigorous grower with bright red fall color and large, long acorns; a natural hybrid that is native throughout the eastern U.S.A. Performs well on alkaline soils. Name assigned to this plant by Kevin Nixon 5 Sept. 1997.
Weakly rounded in youth but of dapper outline; with maturity developing an open, rounded crown; reaches 40' to 50' in height under landscape conditions, but can, and often does, reach 70' to 80' in the wild; spread usually exceeds height at maturity. Fall color varies from yellow to orangish-‐
brown to brown.
A nicely shaped tree with mildew-‐free foliage and buff-‐colored bark.
Deciduous tree 20-‐25m, rarely 35m tall. Bark brown, smooth initially, becoming black-‐
brown, deeply channelled. Acorns mature in second year, solitary, 1-‐1.5cm, globose to ovoid, black; cupule made up of short, adpressed scales, enclosing up to half of acorn.
An attractive ornamental tree that reaches 50' in height; thick, leathery dark green leaves emerge gold and then assume red tints before turning green. Valued for its sweet acorns. Selected by Ralph Kreider jr. Common Name
Scientific Name
Quercus palustris
PIN OAK
Quercus palustris ('Pringreen' GREEN PILLAR)
PIN OAK
Quercus petraea 'Columna'
SESSILE OAK
Quercus polycarpa
Quercus prinoides
CHINQUAPIN OAK
9
Notes
Strongly pyramidal tree, usually with a central leader, the lower branches pendulous, the middle horizontal and the upper upright; in old age the tree assumes an oval-‐pyramidal form and loses many of the lower branches; plants reach 60' to 70' in height, 25' to 40' in width; can attain over 100' in height. Foliage dark glossy green in summer, assuming russet, bronze or red fall color. Suffers from iron chlorosis in high pH soils.
The most fastigiate of pin oaks. The branches form a 20-‐25 degree angle from the main trunk and the lower branches do not sweep towards the ground. A very narrow and uniformly branched tree with nice glossy green leaves. Fall color is maroon red. Good winter interest as well, due to its habit.
Deciduous tree to 45m. Crown columnar, trunk reaching far into crown. Bark like that of Q. robur, grey to black-‐brown, furrowed. Young branchlets glabrous, sightly tuberculate. Leaves narrower than the species, more oblong, margins irregularly lobed, grey-‐green; petiole 1-‐1.6cm, yellow. Acorns mature in first year, clustered, 2-‐3cm, ovoid to oblong-‐ovoid; cupule made up of closely adpressed, pubescent scales.
Leaves obovate to oblong-‐lanceolate, 7-‐12cm long, subcordate at base, puberulous beneath when young, finally glabrous, shallowly 5-‐8 lobed; fruit 1-‐6, subsessile or stalked; cup with much thickened gibbous scales.
Deciduous shrub reaching 2 m in height (!) in its habitat, occasionally a small tree reaching 5 m in height. Leaves ovate-‐oblong, acute, 6-‐
12 cm long, undulate-‐toothed with 4-‐7 small, acute to obtuse teeth on either side, bright green and glabrous above, finely gray-‐
tomentose beneath, petiole 5-‐10 mm long; fruits solitary, sessile, the acorns ovate, 1-‐1.5 mm long (!), about half covered by the cup, scales warty.
Common Name
Scientific Name
Quercus pubescens
DOWNY OAK
Quercus robur
ENGLISH OAK
Quercus robur × alba
ENGLISH-‐WHITE HYBRID OAK
Quercus robur × alba ('JFS-‐
KW2QX' SKINNY GENES™)
ENGLISH-‐WHITE HYBRID OAK
Quercus robur × dalechampii
ENGLISH OAK
Quercus robur × lobata
ROBATA HYBRID OAK
Quercus robur f. fastigiata 'Koster' AGM
ENGLISH OAK
10
Notes
Deciduous tree reaching 12-‐16 m in height with a broad crown often wider than high, and softly pubescent twigs. Leaves ovate to elliptic but quite variable in form, 5-‐10 cm long, round-‐lobed with 4-‐8 lobes on either side, dull dark green above and usually glabrous, light gray-‐green tomentose beneath, the petiole 5-‐10 mm long. Fruits in groups of 1-‐4, sessile or on short common stalks, the acorns ovate, 1.5-‐2 cm long, about 1/3 covered by the tomentose cup.
Large, massive, broadly rounded, open-‐
headed tree with a short trunk; in youth pyramidal to rounded; can reach 75' to 100' or more in height with a comparable spread. In the U.S.A. it averages 40' to 80' in height under landscape conditions.
A vigorous hybrid characterized by a dense crown and good acorn crops produced at a young age; mildew resistant.
Tree with a narrow fastigiate form with very glossy dark green foliage that turns yellowish in the fall. Mildew resistant. Darker green and tighter than Skyrocket.
Large deciduous tree, flowers mid spring, fruit is acorn, leaves lobed and nearly sessile (short-‐stalked). Long lived tree, naturally lives a few centuries.
Fast-‐growing hybrid that reaches 70' in height, transplants easily, and produces heavy crops of acorns. Foliage dark green and shiny, with good ornamental quality. A good hybrid for the Midwest and Northeast.
Resistant to mildew, leaves are more blue green and the trees are faster growing than 'Fastigata'. Grows into a narrow column, 10-‐
15' in ten years. Trees may mature at 50-‐60' and be only 10-‐15' wide.
Common Name
Scientific Name
Quercus robur (Haas Group)
ENGLISH OAK
Quercus robur 'Salicifolia'
WILLOW-‐LEAVED ENGLISH OAK
Quercus rubra
RED OAK
Quercus rubra × palustris
OAK HYBRID
Quercus serrata
KONARA OAK
Quercus shumardii
SHUMARD RED OAK
11
Notes
Tree related to Q. robur but the twigs more slender, finely pubescent; leaves larger, 10(20) cm long, deeply lobed, dull green above, yellowish tomentose beneath at first later becoming green and finely stellate pubescent, petiole tomentose (!), 2-‐6 mm long; fruits grouped 1-‐3 on a 4-‐6(10) cm long stalk, the acorns elliptical, 4-‐5 cm long, 2 mm thick, the cup hemispherical covering 1/3 of the acorn, the scales tomentose and tuberculate.
Very slow-‐growing, developing a broad and often picturesque habit; leaves oblong-‐
elliptic, entire, totally without sinuses, the petiole rather long; fruits long-‐stalked.
Rounded habit in youth, in old age often becoming round-‐topped and symmetrical; relatively fast growing (can grow 2' per year over a 10 year period). Fall color russet-‐red to bright red. Plants 60-‐75' tall, 40-‐50' wide, although can attain over 100' in height in the wild.
Description for tree from which seeds were collected: Tree 60' tall, trunk diameter 2'. Leaves not quite like Q. rubra, acorns smaller than average for that species, and branching structure similar to Q. palustris.
Plants to 50' in height; leaves oblong-‐
obovate, to 6" long, sharply toothed, shining above, grayish-‐pubescent beneath, deciduous. Cup enclosing about 1/3 of nut.
Pyramidal tree in youth becoming more wide-‐
spreading at maturity much like Q. coccinea that reaches 40-‐60' in height in landscape situations, to 100' in the wild. Difficult to separate from Q. palustris and Q. coccinea except by winter buds which are gray to straw-‐colored never reddish brown. Fall color varies from a good russet-‐red to yellow-‐
bronze or faint reddish-‐brown. Acorns are ovate, 3/4-‐1" long, short-‐stalked, and covered only at the base by a hemishperical involucral cap.
Common Name
Scientific Name
Quercus stellata
POST OAK
Quercus turbinella × cerris
SHRUB LIVE OAK
Quercus variabilis
CHINESE CORK OAK
Quercus velutina
BLACK OAK
Quercus 'Vilmoriana'
VILMORE OAK
Quercus wutaishanica
LIAOTUNG OAK
12
Notes
Tree reaching 40-‐50' with dense round-‐
topped crown and stout spreading branches. Leaves lyrately pinnatifid rarely developing fall color; acorns sessile, single or in pairs, egg-‐shaped, 3/4-‐1" long, the top-‐shaped cap covering about 1/3-‐1/2 of the nut.
Shrub growing 2 to 5 meters in height, branches are gray or brown, twigs often covers in short woolly fibers when young turning scaly with age. Leaves thick and leathery evergreen like, and are short. Can be gray green to yellowish in color. Reproduces but it's fruit, the acorn if there is enough moisture, other wise it reproduces by sprouting from a rhizome and root crown.
Plants to 80' in height; leaves oblong, to 6" long, with bristle-‐like teeth, white-‐tomentose beneath, deciduous. Cup enclosing about 1/2 of nut, scales subulate, curved
Deciduous tree to 20-‐30m, rarely to 45m. Bark black-‐brown, deeply fissured, fissures orange at center. Acorns ripe in second year, solitary or paired, 1.5-‐2.5cm, ovoid to subglobose, pale brown; cupules made up of loosely overlaping hairy scales, enclosing half of acorn.
A fairly fast growing large tree that reaches 50' in height and has a straight trunk like that of Q. petraea; foliage is large and attractive; a hybrid brought into the U.S.A. as a chance seedling.
Tree, very similar to Q. mongolica, but the twigs are densely foliate, somewhat pubescent at first, but soon becoming glabrous; fruits ovate, 12 to 15mm long, cup thin, scales small, smooth, somewhat concave (!).
