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licorice gourami Parosphromenus harveyi is one of twenty known and often one can wait a long time for courtship. species of this genus inhabiting almost sterile In the wild they feed on tiny benthic invertebrates, blackwater streams in primeval forest marshes of primarily juvenile shrimp. They spend most of their Malayasia and Indonesia, areas now rapidly and time slowly and strategically moving about the sub- permanently in decline. Rigid evolutionary special- strate to avoid predation and also to stay in the cool ization to their rare biotope that has been stable oxygen-rich waters that flow from the forest floor for a very long time has rendered these fish niche- into their streams. All of the Parosphromenus species are listed on the dependent and non-adaptable. The painting shows IUCN Red List as Endangered. The future sustain- fishkeeping natural posture for this display is typically head ability in the wild for these fish is extremely limited down and almost vertical. in time and practical solutions but there are ways The petite Licorice Gourami is better for the advanced hobbyist. They require very soft water and are often only interested in live foods. Many of their habitats are threatened so the devoted hobbyist should focus on breeding them. —Rachel Oleary to help conserve and preserve them. The Parosph- some success although they are a difficult species romenus Project appeals worldwide to anyone to maintain due to specialized needs. They are cave interested in trying to save Licorice Gouramis. For breeders with many obstacles to success: possible hobbyists, it is a model of species conservation egg eating by males, fry eating by both parents, based on global communication. comments Parosphromenus harveyi Selangor Jungle, west Mayasia a displaying male in breeding colors, however the Aquarists are breeding Licorice Gouramis with licorice gourami ★ • Classified as labyrinth fishes but do not use their accessory breathing system. • Initially described in 1859 by Pieter Bleeker. • Very timid and will not show color in anything other than ideal conditions. in captivity compatibilty water Best kept as species preservation project (see text above). pH 3.0 – 6.5, gH 18 – 72 ppm, temp. 71°– 82°F (22°–28°C) tank size biotope 5g–10g diet Minimal flow, driftwood, well-planted, dried leaf litter substrate. classification order family genus species size Perciformes Osphronemidae Parosphromenus Parosphromenus harveyi 3 – 4 cm (1.2 – 1.6 in) Specialized live foods. See text above. 120 australasia australasia 121