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Lesson Seven, Culture
Ethnic Food and Beverages
The region features several
major culinary influences,
including Mediterranean,
Near Eastern, and Central
European. Some culinary
habits (such as roasting young
lambs and piglets on a spit,
eating animal brains, testicles,
etc.) may strike American
visitor as unusual. However,
ethnic food and beverages byand-large are tasty and congruent with American nutritional habits. Most
common beverages include wine, as well as brendy prepared from both plums and grapes. Here are
the most common ethnic foods and beverages:
Appetizers
Most common apetizers are cheeses, salami, hams, and pickled vegetables. These apetizers are often
used as snack when drinking acoholic beverages. Appetizer is predjelo 'lit. before-the-meal' in SerboCroatian. Best know cheeses come from the regions of the island of Pag in Croatia, city Sjenica in
Montenegro, and city of Travnik with its mountain Vlašić in Bosnia. They are called paški sir, sjenički
sir, travnički/vlašićki sir. Another regional common dairy product is kajmak, a rich and salty dairy
cream. Most beloved variety is užički kajmak produced in the vicinity of Užice, Serbia. Best known
meat delicatessen are smoked ham, called pršut or pršuta, with njeguška pršuta from the Njeguši region
in Montenegro being the most respected variety, as well as different kinds of hard salami, sudžuk or
sudžuka form Bosnia, and sremska kobasica from Serbia. Best known pickled vegetables are sauerkraut
(called kiseli kupus), pickled peppers, called kisele paprike, often stuffed with sauerkraut, and pickles,
called kiseli krastavci in addition, there is a vegetable spread prepared from peppers and eggplants
called ajvar. Some main course items, such as pita (see below) can also
be used as appetizers
Soups
There are three words for soup juha in Croatian, supa, elsewhere in the
region, and čorba, thick soup (word used outside of Croatia). Three best
known kinds of soup are begova čorba (lit. bey's soup) from Bosnia, rich
in vegetables and small chunks of meat and somewhat unusual istarska
supa (lit. Istrian soup, after the region Istria) from Croatia, prepared
with wine and olive oil, and riblja čorba (lit. fish soup) - fish stew,
prepared in particular in the areas along the Danube river in Serbia and
Croatia.
Main Courses
Serbo-Croatian word is glavno jelo. Most common "fast food" main
course items are as follows. First, pita, also known as burek, phyllo
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dough stuffed with either meat, spinach, potatoes, or chese. While the word burek is used in Bosnia
for only meat variety of this stuffed dough, the word designates the dough with any kind of stuffing
elsewhere. Pita is serverd in the parlors called burekdžinica. Second ćevapčići, small grilled meat
sausages, served with Near-Eastern style bread and onions. These and other grill products are served
at the parlors called ćevabdžinica.
Other ethnic food products widely spread across the region are cabage or vine leafs stuffed with
meat and rice, called sarma and bell peppers stuffed with the same mass called punjene paprike. Spitroasted lamb jagnjetina or janjetina and young pork prasetina are popular all across the region. In the
Mediteranean, a variety of seafood is available. The most esquisite seafood comprises dentex,
cuttlefish, squid, and shrimp. A popular seafood dish is brodet, a stew composed of several varieties
of fish. It is worth noting that bread is an obligatory component of any main course even if the side
dish are potatoes, polenta, or rice. Also, one should know that salads are eaten simultaneously with
the main course rather than ahead of it.
Deserts
The aforementioned pita also comes as a desert filled with apples or cheries. Most other deserts have
Near Eastern origins and are ubiquitous in Bosnia. They include rahat-lokum also called ratluk, i.e.,
Turkish delight, apples stuffed with walnuts and cooked in sweet water called tufahije, and baklave i.e.,
baklawa. There is also traditional preserve, served with water as the first item to any visitors in
Serbia, called slatko, boiled wheat with walnuts and honey served on Serbian family patron's day.
Finally, northwestern Croatia is known for its strudel called štrukli.
Beverages
Beverages, i.e., pića can be alkoholna 'alcoholic' or
bezalkoholna 'soft'. Beverages of choice are wine
and brandies. Other alcoholic beverages do not
have tradition in the region and should be
avoided. This is particularly true about beer,
which is characterized by very low quality
despite all claims made by the locals. Two
common varieties of brandy are plum brandy,
called šljivovica in the center and the north of the
region, and grappa, i.e., grape brandy, called
lozovača in the south. Both brandies come in
different strengths from 40 to 140 proof. Most
respected varieties are distilled in monasteries. The generic name of manastirka refers to such brandy.
Although there are wine regions in the north, especially around Kutjevo in Croatia, and Vršac in
Serbia, best known vinyards are in the south along the coast of the Adriatic sea. Most distinguished
sorts are called Babić, Malvazija, Plavac, Pošip, Postup, and Žilavka. It is interesting to point out that
Californian Zinfandel originates from Croatian Plavac Kaštelanski
Major Tourist Points of
Interest
Although major urban centers,
mentioned earlier in this course
offer important sightseeing
points, it is the regions in the
province that offer most
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interesting natural and historic sights. In Northern Croatia, one can find medieval castles, such as
Trakošćan, and numerous hot thermal spas. The Adriatic coast of Croatia and Montenegro offers
numerous examples of Ancient Roman, Medieval, and Renaissance architecture (primarily in the
cities of Pula, Zadar, Šibenik, Split, and Dubrovnik in Croatia, as well as Kotor, Buva, and Bar in
Montenegro). The region is furthermore characterized by marvels of natural beauty, such as the
archipelago of Kornati near Zadar, Plitvice lakes in the hiterland to the North of the port of Šibenik,
both in Croatia, and the Bay of Kotor in Montenegro. Finally, the region is abundant in marvelous
stone beaches. Serbia is known for the sites of neolitic culture, such as Vinča, Ancient Roman sites
(e.g., Gamzigrad and Mediana), and most importantly for numerous medieval monostaries, such as
Žiča and Studenica. Natural beauties in Serbia and continental Montenegro include the Đerdap gorge
on the Danube, the canyon of Tara. Serbia is also known for its health spas, such as Vrnjačka banja.
Bosnia and Herzegovina are best known for perils of Islamic architecture, with numerous mosques,
clock-towers, and hamams in many towns, some of which, such as Počitelj, have preserved the entire
city structure from the times of the Turkish rule (15-19 century). Best known natural marvel is
Perućica, the only preserved European jungle. Mountains around Sarajevo, Bjelašnica and Jahorina,
offer excellent skiing terrains.
Popular Music
Popular music in the region falls under the following broad categories:
Traditional rural and urban - listen to by mostly older audiences in
both rural and urban areas. Best known varieties include Serbian starogradske pesme, Bosnian
Muslim sevdalinke, Northern Croatian popevke and Southern Croatian dalmatinske pisme. This
kind of music is usually called izvorna narodna muzika/glazba. Most notable preformers are
Predrag Gojković Cune, Zvonko Bogdan, and Dušan Dančuo (starogradske pesme), Safet Isović and
Himzo Polovina (sevdalinke), Ladarice (popevke), Klapa "Omiš" and Klapa "Trogir" (dalmatinske
pisme). These varieties are somewhat of a functional equivalent of blues or folk in the
United States.
• Contemporary folk - This variety of music, called novokomponovana narodna muzika or
narodnjaci is less spread in Croatia. There, the kind of music which serves the same social
functions is the Dalmatinian (southern Croatian) version of pop music. Both narodnjaci and
dalmatinski pop are roughly an equivalent of coutnry western music, listened to by less
educated rural populations. Examples of such music can be found in performers like Miroslav
Ilić, Sinan Sakić, Halid Muslimović (narodnjaci), Mišo Kovač and Milo Hrnić (dalmatinski pop).
• Pop - This kind of music, called zabavna muzika/glazba, is popular in both rural and urban
areas. It features two varieties - older scores performed mostly by individual singers and
newer songs played mostly by pop bands. Performers like Oliver Dragojević, Zdravko Čolić, and
Leo Martin represent the first variety, while bands like Plavi orkerstar and Crvena Jabuka offer
examples of the second kind of music.
• Rock and alternative - This musical genre is popular mostly in urban areas. The most
popular older rock bands include Bijelo dugme and Indeksi. There are also numerous newer
rock groups such as Haustor or Električni orgazam. Bands like Disciplina kičme and No Smoking
Band offer excellent examples of the alternative rock music.
•
The Web page http://www.nostalgija.com offers mp3 samples of the aforementioned performers.
Just follow the link Muzika and note that performers are sorted by their names not by their
surnames. Thus, when looking for Mišo Kovač, one should go to M rather than K section of the
archive.
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Lesson Seven, The Instrumental
When to Use It
Prototypical meanings
Non-prepositional Instrumental
The non-prepositional instrumental is prototypically a very broadly understood instrument as in:
kopati lopatom
pisati rukom
‘dig with a showel’
‘write with a hand’
Prepositional Instrumental
Prototypical meaning of the prepositional instrumental is accompanying person, element, or feature.
In this meaning it is used with the preposition s(a) ‘with’, for example:
person
element
feature
putovati sa prijateljem
soba sa doručkom
kuća sa balkonom
travel with a friend
bed with breakfast
house with a balcony
Atypical meanings
Non-prepositional instrumental
The non-prepositional instrumental is found in the following atypical functions:
Meaning
space covered
ergative
ablative
Example
Ići šumom
obliven kišom
smrdjeti nečovještvom
Translation
‘walk through a forest’
‘wet from rain’
‘stink as inhumanity’
objective
učiniti zapovjednikom
‘make a commander’
comparative
nadvisiti znanjem
temporal
raditi nedjeljom
‘overpower with
knowledge’
‘work on Sunday’
Form
šumom ‘forest, Ins.Sg.’
kišom ‘rain, Ins.Sg.’
nečovještvom
‘inhumanity, Ins.Sg.’
zapovjednikom
‘commander, Ins.Sg.’
znanjem ‘knowledge,
Ins.Sg.’
nedeljom ‘Sunday,
Ins.Sg.’
Prepositional Instrumental
The prepositional instrumental is found in the following atypical meanings:
Meaning
circumstance
time
element in relation to
Preposition
s(a) ‘with’
s(a) ‘with’
za ‘behind’, među ‘between’,
nad ‘above’, pod ‘below’, pred
‘in front’
Example
s naporom
s vremenom
nad kućom
Translation
with effort
with time
above the house
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How to modify nouns, adjectives, and pronouns
Nouns
Case
Singular
Maculine
Plural
Feminine
Neuter
Masculine Feminine
i
0
a
o/e
e
Nominative
prozori,
profesor
studentkinja selo/polje
studentkinje
profesori
-om/-em
-om/-em
om
ima
ama
Instrumental
selom,
profesorom/prijateljem studentkinjom
profesorima studentkinjama
poljem
Neuter
a
sela,
polja
ima
selima,
poljima
One should note that the forms of the Instrumental in plural are identical to those of
Dative/Locative. Also, soft masculine and neuter stems (but not feminine stems) assume the ending
-em while hard stems assume the ending -om.
Feminine nouns ending in a consonant have either i or u which palatalizes the stem in the singular,
and ima in plural, e.g., kosti or košću in singular and kostima in plural. The u form in the singular is
more common in the Serbian variant.
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Nominal case endings which need to be remembered thus far are as follows:
Case
Singular
Plural
Masculine- MaculineFeminine
Inanimate animate
0
prozor
Nominative
0
profesor
Neuter
a
studentkinja
o/e
selo/polje
Gentive
a
prozora, profesora
e
studentkinje
a
sela, polja
Dative/Locative
u
prozoru, profesoru
i
studentkinji
u
selu, polju
a
u
profesora studentkinju
o/e
selo, polje
Accusative
Vocative
Instrumental
0
prozor
e/u
prozore, malju,
profesore, kralju
o
studentkinjo
o/e
selo/polje
Masculine
Feminine
Neuter
i
a
e
prozori,
sela,
studentkinje
profesori
polja
a
a
e
prozora,
sela,
studentkinja
profesora
polja
ima
ima
ama
prozorima,
selima,
studentkinjama
profesorima
poljima
e
a
e
prozore,
sela,
studentkinje
profesore
polja
i
a
e
prozori,
sela,
studentkinje
profesori
polja
om/em
ima
a
om
om/em
ama
prozorom, maljem,
prozorima,
selima,
studentkinjom selimom/poljem
studentkinjama
profesorom, kraljem
profesoriima
poljima
The following adjectival and nominal forms are covered in this course hitherto:
Adjectival and nominal forms covered thus far are as follows:
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Case
Nominative
Singular
MasculineInanimate
0/i, 0 + 0
visok, visoki, moj
prozor
Plural
Maculine-animate
0/i, 0 + 0
visok, visoki, moj
profesor
Feminine
a+a
visoka, moja
studentkinja
og(a)/eg(a) + a
og(a)/eg(a) + a
e+e
visokog(a),
Genitive
visokog(a), vrućeg(a), visoke, moje
vrućeg(a), mojeg(a)
mojeg(a) profesora
studentkinje
prozora
Om(e/u)/em(e/u) +
om(e/u)/em(e/u) +
u
u
oj + i
visokom(e/u),
Dative/Locative
visokom(e/u),
visokoj, mojoj
vrućem(e/u),
vrućem(e/u),
studentkinji
mojem(e/u)
mojem(e/u) prozoru
profesoru
Neuter
o/e + o/e
visoko, vruće, moje
selo, polje
og(a)/eg(a) + a
visokog(a), vrućeg(a),
mojeg(a) sela, polja
om(e/u)/em(e/u) +
u
visokom(e/u),
vrućem(e/u),
mojem(e/u)
selu/polju
Accusative
0/i, 0 + 0
visok, visoki, moj
prozor
Og(a)/eg(a) + a
visokog(a), vrućeg(a),
mojeg(a) profesora
u+u
visoku, moju
studentkinju
o/e + o/e
visoko, vruće, moje
selo, polje
Vocative
0/i, 0 + e/u
visok, visoki, moj
prozore, malju
0/i, 0 + e/u
visok, visoki, moj
profesore, kralju
a+o
visoka, moja
studentkinjo
o/e + o/e
visoko, vruće, moje
selo, polje
Instrumental
im + om/em
visokim, vrućim,
mojim prozorom,
maljem
im + om/em
visokim, vrućim,
mojim profesorom,
kraljem
om + om
visokom,
mojom
studentkinjom
im + om/em
visokim, vrućim,
mojim selom/poljem
Masculine
i+i
visoki, moji
prozori,
profesori
ih + a
visokih, mojih
prozora,
profesora
im + ima
visokim,
mojim
profesorima
e+e
visoke, moje
prozore,
profesore
i+i
visoki, moji
prozori,
profesori
im + ima
visokim,
mojim
profesorima
Feminine
Neuter
e+e
visoke, moje
studentkinje
a+a
visoka, moja sela,
polja
ih + a
visokih, mojih
studentkinja
ih + a
visokih, mojih
sela, polja
im + ama
im + ima
visokim, mojim visokim, mojim
+ studenkinjama poljima/selima
e+e
visoke, moje
studentkinje
a+a
visoka, moja sela,
polja
e+e
visoke, moje
studentkinje
a+a
visoka, moja sela,
polja
im + ama
im + ima
visokim, mojim visokim, mojim
+ studenkinjama poljima/selima
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Lesson Seven, Adverbs
Adverbs fall into the following six lexical categories:
a. spatial (e.g., tamo ‘there’, gore ‘upstairs’, etc.)
b. temporal (e.g., danas ‘today’, sutra ‘tomorrow’, tada ‘then’, etc.),
c. causal (e.g., zato ‘for that reason’, etc.),
d. resultative (e.g., uzalud ‘in vain’, etc.),
e. modal (e.g, vešto ‘skillfully’, brzo ‘quickly’, etc.)
f. quantitative (e.g., mnogo ‘many/much’, etc.),
Just like adjectives, adverbs can be scaleable or non-scaleable. Scalable adjectives engage in the
comparison paradigm. Their form in writting is equal to the neuter Nominative Singular of the
adjectival form in all three comparison forms, i.e., the absolute, comparative, and superlative, for
example:
Absolute
masculine
brz ‘quick’
Adjective:
Adverb:
Absolute
neuter
brzo
brzo ‘quickly’
Absolute
Comparative
neuter
brže
brže
Comparative
Superlative
neuter
najbrže
najbrže
Superlative
as in:
brzo rešenje
rešiti brzo
brže rešenje
rešiti brže
‘quick solution’
‘solve quickly’
‘quicker solution’
‘solve quicklier’
Adj Nom.Sg.neut, abs.-Noun
Verb-Adv, abs
Adj Nom.Sg.neut, comp.-Noun
Verb-Adv, comp
The exception from this rule is are adjectives ending in –ki and -ji the absolute of which is equal to
the masculine nominative form of the adjective in the absolute:
Adjective:
Adverb:
Absolute
Masculine
mrtvački ‘bloodles’
mrtvački ‘bloodlesly’
Absolute
neuter
mrtvačko
Absolute
Comparative
neuter
mrtvačkije
mrtvačkije
Comparative
Superlative
neuter
najmrtvačkije
najmrtvačkije
Superlative
All rules of comparison are thus already discussed in the section devoted to the adjectives.
According to their origin, one can differentiate the original, derived and compound adverb, a
follows.
original adverbs
derived
Nominal
adjectival
pronominal
Numeral
Verbal
sada ‘now’
noću ‘at night’ – noć ‘night’
brzo ‘quickly’ – brz ‘quick’
naški ‘in our way’ – naš ‘our’
dvaput ‘twice’ – dva ‘two’
ćutke ‘silently’ – ćutati ‘keep
quiet’
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adverbial
compound
prepositional-nominal
prepositional-adverbial
prepositional-pronominal
prepositional-prepositional
natrag ‘backwards’ – natraške ‘in
a backward manner’
uveče ‘in the evening’ – u ‘in’ &
veče ‘evening’
dosad ‘until now’ – do ‘until’ &
sad ‘now
potom ‘thereafter’ – po ‘after’ &
to ‘that’
tamo-vamo ‘here and there’
Lesson Seven, The Future Tense
When to Use It
There are two future tenses in Serbo-Croatian -- the Future Tense and the Relative Future. They
respective meanings will be discussed in turn.
The prototypical meaning of the Future Tense is a non-relative future event, for example:
Example
On će raditi na univerzitetu.
On će uraditi zadaću.
Translation
Form
‘He will work at the university’ će raditi, ‘will work’ 3rd p.Sg.
imperfective
‘He will do his homewor’
će uraditi ‘will do’, 3rd p.Sg.
perfective
Atypical meanings
The Future Tense is found in the following atypical meanings:
Meaning
Relative event
Qualificative
Example
Razgovarali su pre nego što će
Turci udariti
On će svakoga poslušati
Order
Kupićeš pola hljeba
Hypothetical event
Uncertainty
Ako ćeš pravo, ...
To će biti Marko ‘That is (lit. will
be) Marko, right’
Dok je leđa, biće samara
Gnomic truth
Translation
‘They had talked before the Turks
have hit (lit. will hit) them’
‘He listens (lit. will listen) to
everybody’
‘Go and buy (lit. You will buy) half
a bread’
‘If you want the truth...’
‘As long as there are backs, there
will be saddles’
Relative Future
Prototypical meanings
Relative Future is found in the following two prototypical meanings:
Meaning
Future precedent or
concurrent event
Example
Translation
Kad dođem, otići ćemo u kino ‘When I get, we will go to the
movies’
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Real hypothetical event
Ako budeš učio, položićeš
‘If you learn, you will pass the
exam’
Atypical meanings
Atypical meaning of relative future is relative past, for example:
Da ne budeš zaboravio
‘Didn’t you forget’
Adverbs fall into the following six lexical categories:
a. spatial (e.g., tamo ‘there’, gore ‘upstairs’, etc.)
b. temporal (e.g., danas ‘today’, sutra ‘tomorrow’, tada ‘then’, etc.),
c. causal (e.g., zato ‘for that reason’, etc.),
d. resultative (e.g., uzalud ‘in vain’, etc.),
e. modal (e.g, vešto ‘skillfully’, brzo ‘quickly’, etc.)
f. quantitative (e.g., mnogo ‘many/much’, etc.),
How to Form It
The Future Tense
The Future Tense has one compound and one simple form. The simple form is spelled in Croatian
and Bosnian Muslim standard in a different manner than in Serbian. It is pronounced equally in all
three standards.
Compound form:
first
second
third
Auxilliary
Singular
ću
ćeš
će
Main verb
Plural
ćemo
ćete
će
+
Infinitive
In Serbian standard da + Present Tense is used instead of the Infinitive. Both number and person of
the auxiliary and the main verb have to be coordinated in that case.
Simple form
Simple form is generated using the infinitive form of the paradigm marker
first
second
third
Pronounciation
Serbian Spelling
Cro&BosM Spelling
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
{a,e,i,u,0}-ću
{a,e,i,u,0}- {a,e,i,u,0}-ću {a,e,i,u,0}- {a,e,i,u,0}-t {a,e,i,u,0}-t
ćemo
ćemo
ću
ćemo
{a,e,i,u,0}-ćeš {a,e,i,u,0}- {a,e,i,u,0}- {a,e,i,u,0}- {a,e,i,u,0}-t {a,e,i,u,0}-t
ćete
ćeš
ćete
ćeš
ćete
{a,e,i,u,0}će {a,e,i,u,0}-će {a,e,i,u,0}će {a,e,i,u,0}-će {a,e,i,u,0}-t {a,e,i,u,0}-t
će
će
Only compound form has truth values. They are generated by modifying the auxilliary as follows:
10
Negative
Interrogative 1
Singular Plural
Singular
first
neću
nećemo First
da li ću
second nećeš
Nećete second da li ćeš
third
neće
Neće
Third
da li će
Interrogative-Negative
Singular Plural
first
neću li
nećemo li
second nećeš li
Nećete li
third
neće li
neće li
Plural
ćemo
ćete
će
Interrogative 2
Singular
first
hoću li
second hoćeš li
third
hoće li
Plural
hoćemo li
hoćete li
hoće li
The Relative Future
The Relative engages in the paradgims of person, number, and gender. It is a compound tense
consisting of the auxilliary verb with person and number marked and the main verb with number
and gender marked. The number of the auxiliary and the number of the main verb have to be
coordinated. If the former is in the singular, the latter has to be in the singular as well. Same is true
for the plural. Relative future has 18 different forms.
first
second
third
Singular
budem
budeš
bude
Plural
budemo
budete
budu
+
masculine
feminine
neuter
Singular
{a,e,i,u,0}-o1 2
{a,e,i,u,0}-la
{a,e,i,u,0}-lo
Plural
{a,e,i,u,0}-li
{a,e,i,u,0}-le
{a,e,i,u,0}-la
1 [cons]o vs. [cons]ao
2 eo vs. io in ijekavian
The negative truth value is formed by modifying the auxilliary in the manner full verbs are modified
in simple tenses (e.g., the Present Tense), i.e., by adding the particle ne. There is one interrogative
and the interrogative form but they have the conditional meaning
Form
Derivation
Example
Translation
affirmative
[affirmative]
budem radio
‘I will work.’
negative
ne [affirmative]
ne budem radio
‘I will not work’
conditional
[affirmative] li
budem li radio?
‘if I work’
negative conditional
ne [affirmative] li
ne budem li radio?
‘if I not work’
Lesson Seven, Communicative Skills
The communicative skills for this lesson includes the following:
•
Promissing, giving assurances: Uradit ću/Uradiću to sigurno. 'I will do that for sure'; Uradit
ću/Uradiću to sigurno. 'I will do that for sure'; Uradit ću/Uradiću što/šta mogu. 'I will do
what I can'; Pokušat ću/Pokušaću. 'I will try'; Nema problema. 'No problem';
• Proposing, accepting and declining :
Inviting: Hoćeš li/Hoćete li [noun phrase, accusative]Hoćeš li u pozorište. 'Do you want to
go to theater'; Hajdemo [noun phrase, accusative] Idemo na košarkašku utakmicu. 'Let us go
to the basketball game';
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Inviting: Da, svakako. 'Yes, of course'
Inviting: Nažalost, ne mogu. 'Unfortunately, I cannot'
• Indicating mood :
[subject][verb][adverb][adverb] On vozi veoma brzo. 'He drives very fast'; Tu je
[adverb][adverb]. Tu je veoma prijatno. 'It is very pleasant here';
Lesson Seven, Vocabulary
The vocabulary for this lesson includes the following:
• Sightseeing and travel:
obići 'visit', spomenik 'monument', brod 'ship', avion 'airplane', automobil 'automobile',
voz/vlak 'train', iznajmiti 'rent' e.g., a car
• Restaurants, bars, etc.:
naručiti 'order', piće 'drink', platiti 'pay', konobar 'waiter', vino 'wine', pivo 'beer', rakija
'brandy', sok 'juice', kafa/kahva/kava 'coffee', led 'ice', popiti 'drink',
• Cuisine:
kuhati/kuvati 'cook', jelo 'meal'supa/juha 'soup', salata 'salad', šnicla 'steak', so/sol 'salt',
biber/papar 'pepper' the condiment, not vegetable, ulje 'oil', sastojci 'ingredients',
Lesson Seven, Norms
Spelling of the Future Tense
There are two ways of spelling the auxilliary verb in the future tense. First, it can preceed the main
verb in which case it is always spelled separatey, for example:
Ja ću raditi 'I will work'
It can also be spelled after the main verb, in which case the following rules apply:
•
Verbs ending in ći are always spelled separately from the auxilliary, e.g.,
Doći ću. 'I will come.'
•
Verbs ending in ti are spelled in the following manner
Croatian&Bosnian Muslim Serbian
delete i, spell separately, e.g. delete ti, spell together, e.g.,
radit ću 'I will work.'
radiću
Lesson Seven, Text One
[Translation of the text] [Listen to the text] Putovanje po bivšoj Jugoslaviji
Robert je Amerikanac na studijskom boravku u Hrvatskoj.
Zanima ga cijelo područje bivše Jugoslavije, pa je sastavio ovakav plan putovanja za ovo ljeto.
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Prvo ću vlakom otići od Zagreba do Rijeke, iz Rijeke ću kolima otići do Pule da vidim Arenu,
spomenik iz rimskog doba.
Kad se vratim u Rijeku, iznajmit ću automobil i njime se odvesti do Splita da vidim Dioklecijanovu
palaču. Tamo ću se sresti s Lukom, s kojim ću dalje ići putom uz more do Dubrovnika, gdje ćemo
vidjeti stari grad.
Iz Dubrovnika ćemo brodom otići u Kotor, a odande autobusom u Bosnu i tamo obići gradove
Mostar i Sarajevo.
Luka će se tada vratiti u Split, a ja ću u Sarajevu ponovo iznajmiti automobil ovaj put sa otvorenim
krovom i odvesti se u jugozapadnu Srbiju da vidim manastire.
Odande ću otputovati u Beograd.
Iz Beograda ću se avionom vratiti u Zagreb.
Notes
1. The verb zanimati 'interest' is used as follows. Putovanje zanima Roberta. literally 'Travel
interests Robert.' actually 'Robert is interested in travelling.'
Lesson Seven, Text Two
Sok s ledom
Jelena i Milan ulaze u kafić i razgovaraju.
Jelena: Šta ćeš ti da popiješ?
Milan: Ne znam - nešto hladno.
Jelena: Ja ću uzeti sok s ledom.
Milan: Ja još ne znam. Pitaću konobara kad dođe.
Konobar: Izvolite, šta ćete da popijete?
Jelena: Molim Vas sok od jabuke s ledom.
Konobar: Odmah ću doneti. A šta ćete Vi gospodine?
Milan: Imate li neku dobru rakiju?
Konobar: Imamo domaću rakiju?
Milan: E, ja ću onda to i još mineralnu vodu sa limunom i ledom.
Konobar im donosi piće.
Konobar: Evo, izvolite.
Milan i Jelena: Hvala!
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Kad su popili, Milan diže ruku i govori konobaru: Da platimo!
Konobar: Sok, rakija, mineralna voda sa limunom - sve skupa sto dinara.
Milan: Evo izvolite - sto dvadeset dinara. Kusur ne treba.
Konobar: Hvala mnogo i dođite opet.
Notes
1. Izvolite is the phrase most commonly used to address a patron and a client. It is used by shop
clerks and waiters alike
2. Da platim, literally: 'So that I pay' or Da platimo literally 'so that we pay' are the equivalent of
the English 'The check, please'
3. Kusur ne treba literally 'Change is not needed' is the equivalent of the English 'Keep the
change'. Tip is called napojnica or, colloquially bakšiš
Lesson Seven, Text Three
Nedjeljni ručak
Sadik će ove sedmice na nedjeljni ručak ići u restoran sa svojim roditeljima i bratom.
Do roditelja će ići tramvajem broj dva, a njegov brat, s kojim se sreće tamo, ići će autobusom broj
dvanaest.
Onda će svi skupa sjesti u kola i odvesti se u restoran Plava voda.
Za piće će uzeti sokove, vino i pivo, za predjelo sir i salatu.
Onda će naručiti supu a nakon toga glavno jelo: šnicle sa krompirom ili rižom kao prilogom i
salatom. Za desert će uzeti kolače i kahvu.
Na kraju će Sadikov otac Hamo svakog odvesti svojoj kući.
Notes
1. Note that salad is customary eaten alongside with the meal rather than precedent to it as in
the United States
Lesson Seven, Text Four
[Translation of the text] [Listen to the text] Recept
Sarma ( glavno jelo)
Sastojci
za četiri osobe
20 dg govedine
20 dg svinjetina
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50 dg kiselog kupusa
10 dg slanine hamburgera
20 dg suhih svinjskih rebara
5 dg riže
malo peršina
1 suha domaća kobasica
žlica mljevene crvene paprike
žlica brašna
1/2 dl ulja
žlica koncentrata rajčice
sol i papar
Priprava
Meso samljeti, dodati sitno narezanu slaninu, posoliti i popapriti, dodati sjeckani peršin, rižu
poprženu na malo ulja, i crvenu papriku te sve dobro izmiješati.
Listove kiselog kupusa oprati i nadjenuti mesnom smjesom te saviti i dobro učvrstiti krajeve.
Dno posude obložiti preostalim listovima kupusa i na njih posložiti sarme.
Između sarmi posložiti komadiće svinjskih rebara i kolutiće suhe kobasice.
Odozgo posložiti listove kupusa te sve preliti vodom i kuhati oko sat vremena na laganoj vatri.
Na ulju popržiti žlicu brašna, dodati razrijeđeni koncentrat rajčice, prokuhati i preliti preko sarma.
Posudu staviti u zagrijanu pećnicu i peći još sat do dva na temperaturi od 160 stupnjeva celzija ili
kuhati na štednjaku na laganoj vatri još dva sata.
Notes
1. kiseli kupus literally 'sour cabage' is 'sauerkraut'. In addition to being offered shreaded, it is
also available in leafs, which are then used to prepare the sarma i.e., stuffed sauerkraut leaves.
In addition to sauerkraut, grape leaves, and Swiss chard leaves can be used to prepare this
meal.
2. hamburger means 'hamburger' but also, as is the case above, a lean bakon.
3. Measures here, just like in the rest of the world other than the United States, are expressed in
the metric system.
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