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B20 Ch 9 Excretory System Checklist 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. a) What are the functions of the excretory system? b) Sketch the excretory system and identify and state the function of the main organs of the excretory system. a) Sketch the kidney and identify the 3 main regions and the 2 main blood vessels of the kidney. b) What is the function of these regions and blood vessels? c) Sketch where the nephrons are located. d) Which part of the nephron is in the renal cortex? Renal medulla? e) Label the sodium concentration gradient in the kidney. Explain the function of this sodium concentration gradient. How does it form? a) Sketch a nephron and identify and state the function of the 7 main structures of a nephron. b) Add and label the 3 main capillary beds. What are the jobs of each capillary bed? What are the peritubular capillaries? What process reduces the volume of urine in the kidneys? What structure in the nephron might be longer in a desert animal? a) What substances in the blood pass into the Bowmen’s capsule? What happens to them after this? b) What substances in the blood do not pass into the Bowmen’s capsule? What happens to them? c) Why is it abnormal to find glucose in the collecting duct of a nephron? What disease might cause this? What are some symptoms of this disease? d) What structure of the nephron would be negatively affected by a decrease in blood pressure? Describe how a decrease in blood pressure would impact the nephron’s function. What are the 4 steps in the formation and excretion of urine? a) Are water and sodium transported in or out of the thick segment of the ascending limb of the Loop of Henle? If so, is the movement by active or passive transport? b) What is the result of the transport of water and sodium in the ascending limb of the Loop of Henle? a) What hormone regulates blood volume by controlling the amount of water that is reabsorbed or excreted in urine? (antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or aldosterone?). How does it work? b) What hormone regulates sodium levels in the blood by controlling the amount of sodium that is reabsorbed or excreted in urine? (antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or aldosterone?). How does it work? a) What is the difference between tubular secretion and reabsorption? b) The reabsorption of which component of the filtrate contributes most to the decrease in volume as the filtrate becomes urine? Define osmosis. Is it active or passive transport? Which parts of the nephron are impermeable to water in the presence of ADH? Which parts of the nephron are always permeable to water? 12. 13. Which ions are secreted into the filtrate? Fill in the blanks with the proper letters. Letters will be used more than once. __________ proximal tubule __________ descending loop of Henle __________ ascending loop of Henle __________ distal tubule __________ collecting duct 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. A. B. C. D. E. passive reabsorption of sodium ions active reabsorption of sodium ions passive reabsorption of chloride ions active reabsorption of chloride ions passive reabsorption of water by osmosis F. Active reabsorption of all nutrients, including glucose and amino acids Penicillin and other drugs are secreted into the filtrate in the _____________________________. a) Nitrogenous wastes are the result of the breakdown of __________________ and ___________. b) Which of the following nitrogenous wastes is present in the highest concentration in the urine (circle one): ammonia, creatinine, uric acid, urea? Which part of the nephron absorbs most of the water (about 65%) in the filtrate? Ammonia is a highly toxic nitrogenous waste produced in our cells. It is converted to the less toxic compound urea in the ___________________. Is the urethra shorter in males or females? What is its approximate length in each gender? Which 2 organs of the excretory system occur in pairs? Which parts of the nephron are in the renal cortex? Which parts are in the medulla? Blood enters the kidney to be filtered through the ____________ _____________. Blood leaves the kidney by the ______________ ______________. What controls the release of urine from the urinary bladder? Which substances DO NOT pass through the glomerulus to form the filtrate? Nephrons maintain blood pH using the excretion and reabsorption of H+ and HCO3- . When blood is too basic ___________ is not excreted and _________ is not reabsorbed. When blood is too acidic ___________ is not excreted and _________ is not reabsorbed. a) What is the role of the afferent arteriole in the kidney? b) What is the role of the efferent arteriole in the kidney? What substances are normally found in urine? Rank them in order from main component to least component. a. The proximal tubule is an important site of reabsorption of nutrients such as glucose and amino acids and + ions from the filtrate leaving the glomerulus. Is this reabsorption active or passive transport? b. When active transport occurs in the nephron, what molecule provides the energy for this? What cell organelle provides this molecule?