Download Hardware

Hardware
1. List down different kind of motherboards for the pc.
So far we have 4 different types of motherboard. They are XT, AT, Baby AT and ATX.
XT Motherboards:
XT stands for extended Technology. They are the old model of mother. In this motherboards,
you can find the old model processor socket LIF (Low insertion Force) sockets, ram slots Dimms
and ISA (Industry Standards Architecture) slots, 12 pin Power Connector and no ports.
These motherboard have slot type processors, Dimms memory modules, ISA slots for add-on
card, and no ports. There are connectors and add-on cards for ports.
AT Motherboards
AT stands for Advanced Technology, Advanced Technology The components that we can find on the AT
motherboard are PGA (Pin Grid Array) Socket, SD Ram slots, 20 pin power connector PCI slots and ISA
slots.
Baby AT Motherboards
It is the combination of XT and AT. They have both slot type processor sockets and PGA processor
sockets, SD Ram slots and DDR Ram slots, PCI slots and ISA slots, 12 Pin power connector and 20 Pin
Power coneector and Ports.
ATX Motherboards
ATX stands for Advanced Technology extended. All the latest motherboards are known as ATX
motherboards. In this motherboard,the component are consist of MPGA Processor Sockets, DDR Ram
slots, PCI slots, AGP slots, Primary and Secondary IDE interfaces, SATA connectors, 20 pin and 24 pin
ATX power connector and Ports.
2. What is the different between AX and ATX motherboard? Sketch the layout of the two
motherboard.
Ax Motherboard is the old version of motherboard while ATX is the version of motherboard.
Position of CPU in AT motherboard is in series to the expansion slot, while in ATX is in parallel
to the expansion slot.
Position of the expansion slot for an AT motherboard is parallel to the wide edge, while the
motherboard for an ATX is parallel to the narrow edge of the motherboard.
3) List the pins number of various kind of connector on the motherboard and at the back of
the PC.
IDE connector – 40 pins
ATX power connector – 24 pins
floppy connector- 34 pins
At the back of PC:
USB – 4 pins
P/2 – 6 pins
serial port – 9 pins/15 pins
firewire 1394 – 6 pins
VGA – 15 pins
4. What are the DC voltages we can find from the DC power supply?
5. List down the electrical problem we are facing when operating our PC?
Electrical problems can come from outside the PC entirely (a frayed power cable, a bad
socket, a dying UPS battery) or from within it (a failing system power supply, a faulty
soft switch)
6. What are ESD, EMI and RFI ?
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ESD stands for Electrostatic Discharge.
EMI stands for Electromagnetic Interference
RFI stands for Radio Frequency Identification
7. List different kind of PC storage
Flash drives, external hard drives, smart cards, re-writable CDs and DVDs and even online "cloud"
storage sites are the various kind of PC storage. The types of storage devices that rarely used
anymore are floppy disc and ZIP discs. This is because they are too small to hold much in a way
of files and the latter have been largely discontinued from use due to the prevalence of optical
media such as CDs and DVDs.
Operating system
Operating System
1. What is the function of OS ?
It is a program that runs other programs on a computer. A computer operating system is the most
important program. This is because the operating software are the one that manage both the
software and hardware resources. It is responsible for everything from the control and allocation
of memory to recogning input from external devices as well as transmitting the output to
computer display. Management of files on computer hard drives and control peripherals like
printers and scanners are also manage by the OS.
2.LIst down some of the OS that we can use in a small computer?
Some of the OS are iOS, Blackberry OS, webOS, Palm OS
3.What are the different between text based and graphic base OS?
Text Base Operating System
A text based OS is an OS which take instruction by keyboard using some Text Command.
Therefore the user have to memorize all the command for every operation.
Graphic Base Operating System
A graphic base OS take instruction by mouse using some menu command or graphic icon etc.
Hence it doesnt requires any memorization from the user.
4.List down some of the internal and external command of the text based and briefly
explain the function of these command.
Here are some example of Synchronet's (BBS software) main menu command:
N- New Message scan
R- Read message prompt
Z- Continuos new scan
P- Post a message
5.What is FDISK used for and then list down the menu that we can find under FDISK.
Answer
6.Explain briefly what File System is.
A file system is the part of the operating system that is responsible for organizing files and the
resources. A file system is the part of the operating system that is responsible
for managing files and the resources on which these reside. Without a file
system, efficient computing would essentially be impossible. This chapter
discusses the organization of file systems and the tasks performed by its
different components. The first part is concerned with general user and
implementationA file system is the part of the operating system that is responsible
for managing files and the resources on which these reside. Without a file
system, efficient computing would essentially be impossible. This chapter
discusses the organization of file systems and the tasks performed by its
different components. The first part is concerned with general user and
implementation aspects of file management emphasizing centralized systems;
the last sections consider extensions and methods for distributed systems. aspects of file
management emphasizing centralized systems;
the last sections consider extensions and methods for distributed systems.
7. What is the different between physical and logical drive?
Physical Drive:
Mainly consist of a hardware which is located inside the CPU. This is physically existing
hardware, where the data is stored and is accessed.
Logical Drive:
This logical drive doesnt exist physically however it is the main part in the memory. It is the
process where the user are partitioning a physical hard drive into two or more virtual units. One
physical drive can be partition into drives C; D: E each representing a separate logical drive but
all still part of the one pysical drive.
8. List down the complete steps on how to install Windows 98 OS?
Answers
9. What is the different between basic and dynamic disk?
Basic Disk Storage
A disk which initialized fo basic storage is known as a basic disk. They use normal partition
tables suupported by MS-DOS and all Windows versions. Basic contains basic volumes, such as
primary partitions, extended partitions and logical drives. For example,if you have any volume
sets, stripe sets,mrror sets and stripe sets with parity, you must back them up or converted to
dynamic disks before you install Windows Xp professional.
Dynamic Disk Storage
Supported in Windows Xp professional, Window 2000 and Windows Server 2003. A disk that
intialied for dynamc storage is called a dynamic disk. Dynamic disk do not use partitions or
logical drives. With dynamic disk you can create volumes thats span multiple disks such as
spanned and striped volumes. With dynamic storage, users are able to perform disk and volume
management without to need to restart Windows.