Download Verb phrases and helping verbs, infinitives, and imperative sentences

PART 3 OF
PREPOSITIONAL
PHRASES
P L E A S E TA K E N O T E S I N Y O U R C O M P O S I T I O N
BOOKS.
HELPING VERBS AND VERB PHRASE
• Every sentence must have a verb.
- To depict doable activities, writers use action verbs.
- To describe conditions, writers choose linking verbs.
• Sometimes an action or condition occurs just once—pow!—and it's over. Read these two short sentences and tell me whether they
are action verbs or linking verbs:
Offering her license and registration, Selena sobbed in the driver's seat.
Action verb
Officer Carson was unmoved.
Linking verb
AUXILIARY OR HELPING VERBS
•
•
•
Other times, the activity or condition continues over a
long stretch of time, happens predictably, or occurs in
relationship to other events. In these instances, a singleword verb like sobbed or was cannot accurately describe
what happened, so writers use multipart verb phrases to
communicate what they mean. As many as four words
can comprise a verb phrase.
A main or base verb indicates the type of action or
condition, and auxiliary—or helping—verbs convey the
other nuances that writers want to express.
Read these three examples:
The tires screeched as Selena mashed the accelerator.
No helping (auxiliary) verbs; they are both main verbs
Selena is always disobeying the speed limit.
Helping (auxiliary) verb: is
Main verb: disobeying
Selena should have been driving with more care, for then
she would not have gotten her third ticket this year.
1st verb phrase:
Helping (auxiliary) verbs: should have been
Main verb: driving
2nd verb phrase:
Helping (auxiliary) verbs: would have
Main verb: gotten
ADVERBS ARE NOT PART OF A VERB
PHRASE
Since a verb phrase might use up to four words, a short adverb—such as also, never, or not—might try to sneak in
between the parts. When you find an adverb snuggled in a verb phrase, it is still an adverb, not part of the verb. Read
these examples:
For her birthday, Selena would also like a radar detector.
• Would like = verb phrase; also = adverb.
To avoid another speeding ticket, Selena will never again take her eyes off the road to fiddle with the radio.
• Will take = verb phrase; never, again = adverbs.
Despite the stern warning from Officer Carson, Selena has not lightened her foot on the accelerator.
• Has lightened = verb phrase; not = adverb.
INFINITIVES- THE CONFUSING “TO”
to + noun = preposition
(i.e. to home, to the park, to the game)
to + verb = infinitive
(i.e. to dance, to sing, to yell, to leave, to be)
“ To be, or not to be, that is the question:” – Hamlet, William Shakespeare
“…..to boldly go where no man has gone before.” - Star Trek, Gene
Rodenberry
(the adverb “boldly” splits the infinitive “to go”- we call these split infinitives and the are a no-no in English
grammar)
TYPES OF SENTENCES
There are four (4) kinds of sentences: declarative, imperative, interrogative, and exclamatory.
1. A declarative sentence makes a statement.
Example: The assignment is due tomorrow. Rachel attends Dixie State. The New England Patriots won another Super
Bowl.
2. An imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request.
Examples: Hand it in now. Run. Bring the groceries in to the house out of the car.
3. An interrogative sentence asks a question.
Example: Do you know the man?
4. An exclamatory sentence shows strong feeling. Declarative, imperative, or interrogative sentences can be
made into exclamatory sentences by punctuating them with an exclamation point.
Examples: The assignment is due tomorrow! Stop! Do you know the man!
IN AN IMPERATIVE SENTENCE, THE
SUBJECT IS (YOU)
• An imperative sentence gives a command
• (You) is termed YOU UNDERSTOOD – it is written at the beginning of the sentence, underlined, and placed
in parenthesis.
What is the subject in each of the sentence examples below:
Go down the street.
(You) Go down the street.
Please look at me.
(You) Please look at me.
Put the scissor in the drawer.
(You) Put the scissors in the drawer.
CLASS WORKSHEET
Directions: Do the Prepositions worksheet for pages 29, 33, 37, and 39. Read the directions
carefully for each worksheet.
Special instructions for page 29: When underlining the verb phrases (i.e. the helping [auxiliary]
verbs and main verb) remember to not underline any adverbs. They are not part of the verb
phrase. Look out for contractions too, like can’t. It is a contraction for can (verb) not (adverb), so
underline the part that is part of the verb phrase.