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Scurvy Not enough Vitamin C Clinistix paper Positive result Red to purple Peter: Weight:50kg, Daily energy requirements: 11500 kJ Calculate Peter’s daily energy requirement per unit body weight (kJ/kg)? 11500/50 = 230 kJ/kg What is absorption? The digested food molecules enter the circulatory system. What food substances are absorbed by Z? Z Lipid soluble substances: fatty acid, glycerol, vitamin A, D, E, K Vitamin C Food test DCPIP test Baby need more energy per unit body weight because The relative surface area of baby is large, they need more energy to produce heat to compensate heat loss DCPIP test Positive result Blue to colourless Decolorized Reducing sugar Food test Benedict’s test Blood in Y will first transport to….through…… Y liver; hepatic portal vein What is the fate of excess protein? Excess amino acids cannot stored and will be broken down in liver by deamination : (i) Urea formed is carried via the bloodstream to the kidneys and is excreted in the urine. (ii) The remaining part of the amino acid is converted to glycogen and stored in liver. Benedict’s test Positive result Brick red precipitate Protein Food test Albustix paper Stomach Digestive juice Gastric juice What is X? X Villus Iodine test Positive result Brown to blue black Protein Functions Growth and repair, produce enzyme, hormone, haemoglobin Lipid Function Produce energy, shock absorber, heat insulator Protease Can be found in Gastric juice, pancreatic juice, intestinal juice Calcium Function Form bones and teeth Water Function As solvent, for transport, heat loss by sweating Physical digestion function Increase surface area of food for digestive enzyme to act on Vitamin C Deficiency disease Scurvy Vitamin A Deficiency disease Night blindness What is the fate of excess glucose? Excess glucose is converted to glycogen by the liver for storage. Some of the excess glucose is converted to lipid. Calculate the energy in 300mL milk Milk (per 100 mL) Energy 272 kJ Carbohydrate 4.8g Protein 3.4g Fat 3.8g Calcium 110 mg 272*3 = 816 kJ What is L? Pancreas Mouth Digestive juice Saliva What is egestion? The undigested materials are removed from the body as faeces. Saliva contain Salivary amylase, water What is E? Ileum Dietary fibre Deficiency disease Constipation Vitamin D Deficiency disease Rickets Constipation Not enough Dietary fibre Constructive worker need more energy because They need more energy for stronger muscle contraction Night blindness Need to eat more Fish liver oil, carrot Rickets Need to eat more Dairy product, Cheese, Milk Digestion of protein starts at K Constipation Need to eat more vegetables What is the fluid inside Z? Z Lymph Chemical digestion by Digestive enzymes Mouth Physical digestion by Chewing of teeth Bile Physical digestion by Emulsify fat to oil droplet to increase surface area for lipase to act on Villus number Large number to increase surface area Liver Digestive juice Bile Small intestine Digestive juice Intestinal juice Small intestine is long because It can provide more time to digest and absorb food substances. Saliva Secreted by Salivary gland Bile contain Bile salt, hydrogencarbonate salt, bile pigment Pancreatic juice contain Amylase, protease, lipase, Hydrogencarbonate salt Gastric juice contain Protease, hydrochloric acid What is Z? Z Lacteal Iron Function Form haemoglogin Intestinal juice contain Carbohydrase, protease Lipid Food test Spot test Lipase Can be found in Pancreatic juice Which part absorbs the largest amount of nutrient? E Amylase Can be found in Saliva, pancreatic juice Food move in alimentary canal by peristalsis Which part is acidic? stomach Energy requirement depands on Age, gender, occupation, body status Dietary fibre Function Stimulate peristalsis in gut (intestine) Vitamin A Function Form pigment for night vision Teenager need more protein because They need more protein for growth Teenager need more calcium for The growth of bones and teeth Villus shape Finger like to increase surface area for absorption What is Y? Y Blood capillaries Starch Food test Iodine test Matching Glucose . Glycerol . Amino acid. Fatty acid . .Protein .Starch .Lipid What is ingestion? Food is taken in through the mouth. What is digestion? Food is broken down into soluble and simple molecules. Glucose Function Produce energy by respiration What is assimilation? The absorbed food molecules are taken up by cells for metabolism. What is N? Rectum Bile Secreted by Liver Stomach Physical digestion by Churning of muscle State two features of X that allow it to absorb food substances easily. X X is finger like to increase surface area to absorb food. There are lots of X in small intestine to increase surface area to absorb food. Vitamin D Function Help Calcium absorption Albustix paper Positive result Yellow to Green Calcium Deficiency disease Rickets Which part stores faeces? N Scurvy Need to eat more Fruit, vegetable Anaemia Need to eat more Meat, liver Girls needs more iron than boys because Girls loss blood in menstruation. They need more iron to produce blood Teenager need more protein because They need more protein for growth What food substances are absorbed by Y? Y Water soluble substances: glucose, amino acid, vitamin C, minerals, water What is B? Gall bladder Night blindness Not enough Vitamin A Glucose Food test Clinistix paper Intestinal juice Secreted by Intestinal gland in small intestine Spot test Positive result Translucent spot disappeared Anaemia Not enough Iron Vitamin C Function Forming connective tissue Gastric juice Secreted by Gastric gland in stomach Pregnant women need more protein because They need more protein for foetus growth Pancreas Digestive juice Pancreatic juice Iron Deficiency disease Anaemia Rickets Not enough Calcium/ Vitamin D Pancreatic juice Secreted by Pancreas What part is acidic? K
