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Non-infectious Diseases
Non – Infectious Disease
Non-infectious diseases (also called Noncommunicable diseases ) are those diseases
that are not caused by a pathogen and cannot
be shared from one person to another. Although
some kinds can be passed down genetically to
the children of a carrier.
Non-infectious diseases may be caused by
either the
 environment,
 nutritional deficiencies,
 lifestyle choices, or
 genetic inheritances.
Infectious vs. Non-Infectious
Historically, infectious diseases were the
main cause of death in the world and, indeed,
in some developing regions this may still be
the case. With the development of antibiotics
and vaccination programs, infectious disease
is no longer the leading cause of death in the
western world. Non-infectious disease is
now responsible for the leading causes of
death in both developed and some
developing countries.
Causes of Non-Infectious Disease
Causes of non-infectious disease are
categorized into 2 major categories,
genetically inherited diseases and
environmental diseases. Noninfectious diseases that are not genetic
disorders are environmental diseases,
although many diseases are affected by
both genetic and environmental factors.
Inherited Diseases
Genetic disorders are caused by
errors in genetic information that
produce diseases in the affected
people. These errors may include:
A change in the chromosome
numbers, such as Down syndrome
A defect in a single gene caused by
mutation, such as Cystic Fibrosis.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tWWpPAXFE
Fs&list=TLEpSuPVA3MWo
Environmental Diseases
Environmental disease is a very broad category. It
includes avoidable and unavoidable conditions caused
by external factors, such as sunlight, food, pollution,
and lifestyle choices. The diseases of affluence are noninfectious diseases with environmental causes. Examples
include:
Many types of cardiovascular disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease caused by
smoking tobacco
Type 2 Diabetes
Malnutrition caused by too little food, or eating the
wrong kinds of food (e.g. scurvy from lack of Vitamin C)
Skin cancer caused by radiation from the sun
Cancer
Cancer is a non-infectious disease that affects millions
of people. The National Cancer Institute reports the most
common cancer type as non-melanoma skin cancer,
with about one million cases a year. Lung cancer is the
second-most common, with about 219,440 new cases
and 159,390 deaths. Other common cancers include
bladder, breast, leukemia, pancreatic, prostate, thyroid,
colorectal, endometrial and kidney cancer.
Nicole Graham
http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2013/04/27/from-intensive-care-tothe-prom-teen-faced-death-several-times-during-battle-withleukemia/
Heart Disease
Mayo Clinic reports heart disease, a noninfectious disease, as the number-one killer in
the United States. Heart or cardiovascular
disease refers to a variety of conditions that
involve the circulatory system. List 4 of the
following: Heart attacks, strokes, chest pain,
tachycardia, high cholesterol, heart valve
disease, high blood pressure, palpitations and
congenital heart disease are some of the noninfectious heart diseases.
ALS or Lou Gehrigs’ Disease
Progressive degenerative disease
Affects cells in the brain and spinal cord
Causes loss of muscle movement
Can cause paralysis & death
3-5 year life expectancy after diagnosis
Statistically more men, than women
Cause still unknown: environmental &/or genetic
Though some soldiers from Gulf War affected
Famous: Lou Gehrig, Stephen Hawking
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5lGeusOCxw
Diabetes
When carbohydrates are eaten, they get
converted to glucose which is blood sugar. To
stabilize blood sugar levels, the pancreas releases
insulin. In people that have diabetes, a
noninfectious disease, the pancreas does not
release insulin properly or at all in the most
severe cases. This can cause kidney failure,
blindness, nerve damage and heart problems.