Download Organization of the Human Body Overview of Anatomy and Physiology

Lectures 2 & 3
Organization of the Human Body
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Overview of Anatomy and
Physiology
• Anatomy: Scientific discipline that
investigates the body’s structure
• Physiology: Scientific investigation of the
processes or functions of living things
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Human Body has Hierarchical
Levels of Complexity
What is a Hierarchy??
• a nested grouping
• that is, groups are placed in successively
larger groups
• levels of organization or complexity
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Human Body has Hierarchical
Levels of Complexity
• Chemical level
– ______________________________________
• Cellular Level
• Tissue Level
– ______________________________________
– ______________________________________
• Organ Level
• Organ System Level
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Structural & Functional
Organizations
Fig. 1.3
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Organ Systems of the Body
Fig. 1.4
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Organ Systems of the Body
Fig. 1.4
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Fig. 1.4
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Organ Systems of the Body
Anatomical Position:
The Standard for Reference
• Anatomical Position
– Body erect, face forward,
feet together,
_______________________
• Other Body Positions
– ______________________:
lying face upward
– ______________________:
lying face downward
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Body Planes
• Midsagittal (Median),
______________________
• Frontal
(____________________)
• Transverse (Horizontal) /
Cross-sectional
• _____________________:
Other than at a right angle
Fig. 1.5
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Terminology and Body Plan
• Directional Terms
– Superior versus
Inferior
– Anterior/Ventral
versus
Posterior/Dorsal
– Medial versus
Lateral
– Proximal versus
Distal
– Superficial versus
Deep
Fig. 1.7
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Body Parts and Regions
Nasal (nose)
Oral (mouth)
Orbital (eye)
Buccal (cheek)
Cephalic (head)
Deltoid (shoulder)
Thoracic (thorax)
Axillary (armpit)
Brachial (arm)
Abdominal (abdomen)
Antebrachial (forearm)
Coxal (hip)
Carpal (wrist)
Manus (hand)
Pelvic
Digital (finger)
Femoral (thigh)
Patellar (knee)
Crural (leg)
Tarsal (ankle)
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Pes
Permission required for reproduction or display.
Modified from Fig. 1.8
(foot)
(a) Anterior view
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Body Parts and Regions
Auricular (ear)
Thoracic (thorax)
Vertebral (spinal column)
Brachial (arm)
Abdominal (abdomen)
Antebrachial (forearm)
Gluteal (buttock)
Femoral (thigh)
Popliteal (back of knee)
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc. Permission required for
reproduction or display.
Modified from Fig. 1.8
Calcaneal (heel)
(b) Posterior view
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Body Cavities
Fig. 1.9
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Serous Membranes
• Cover the organs of trunk cavities & line them
– __________________________________lines cavity walls
– __________________________________covers organs
– Serous fluid secreted for ___________________________
by membranes
Fig. 1.10
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Serous Membranes
• Named for their
specific cavity & organs
–Pericardium refers to
___________________
–__________________
refers to lungs and
thoracic cavity
–Peritoneum refers to
abdominopelvic cavity
Fig. 1.10
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Serous Membranes
retroperitoneal
Fig. 1.10
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Points to Remember
• Anatomical terms are very precise in anatomy so
that one can accurately describe the body and its
many parts.
• The anatomical position is our universal reference
for directional terms and body planes.
• Body cavities contain and often separate organs.
• Serous membranes cover the surfaces of organs
and the wall of the trunk cavity.
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Questions?
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