Download Copyright Final Project

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Copyright - Final Project
First, take the Final Exam in Blackboard.
Use internet searches, your notes, and Microsoft Word to create a
neatly formatted document that correctly answers all of the questions
below. Include the corresponding numbered question with each of your
answers! Submit your file through Blackboard
http://blackboardmyptc.edu
1. Define the term intellectual property
It’s the product of mental labor and we could find it in inventions, literary
and artistic work as well as designs used with a commercial or non-commercial
purpose.
The origins of Intellectual Property date back to the Statute of Anne (1710)
in the UK and the Constitution of the United States (1776).
2. Name the seven Intellectual Properties types and explain each
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Patent law: form of right granted to an inventor which has the monopoly
of such invention and excludes others from manufacturing, selling or
commercializing in any way possible without the granted permission of
the inventor.
Copyright law: it protects the expression of an idea or manner in which
that idea is expressed. This is also known as the Idea-Expression
Dichotomy. For example, in a movie the plot together with the specific
character will be unique since it’s a form of expression and creativity
and very rarely to people will conceive exactly the same idea and
characters so the movie it’s copyrighted.
Trademark law: it makes reference to a particular word, symbol or sign
which distinguish a particular product or services. It’s protected by
law as long as it is distinctive and doesn’t confuse with other brands.
Trade secret law: it makes reference to secret information about a
product or design which could be detrimental for the owner if the
secret was discovered. For example, the secret to make Coca Cola it’s
one of the industrial secret better protected.
Trade dress law: it refers to the protection of the visual appearance
and image of a product, such as the shape and color combination that
identifies that product or service.
Design patent: protects the new design and innovation in a product that
meets the patent requirements of novelty and nonobviousness.
Right of publicity and privacy: protects against the use of an
individual image or likeness for commercial advantage and the right of
privacy protects individuals from interference with their rights from
embarrassing personal facts or misrepresentations.
3. What does Copyright protect?
It protects original works of authorship from literary and artistic works to
computer software and architecture. It doesn’t protects facts or ideas
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although it could protect the way it is expressed which will make it unique
and elaborated.
4. When does Copyright protection start?
Copyright protection start as soon as the work is created in a fixed and
tangible medium of expression which makes protection implicit for every work
you see on the Web.
5. What six rights does a Copyright owner have?
o
o
o
o
o
o
Reproduction of the copyrighted work in copies.
Creation of derivative works based upon the copyrighted work.
Distribution to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership.
Public performance of literary, dramatic, musical or other audiovisual
works.
Public display of literary, musical, dramatic, pictorial or sculptural
works.
The public performance of sound recording, to perform the copyrighted
work publicly by means of a digital audio transmission.
6. Define the term Infringement
Copyright Infringement is a violation of an individual or organization’s
copyright by the unauthorized use of copyrighted material such as text,
music, audiovisual, software and other copyright materials.
7. Define the Fair Use doctrine
Fair use is claimed when you use a copyrighted material for a limited and
“transformative” purpose, such as to parody or criticize a copyrighted work.
It represents an example of balance between rights of society to use
creations and the rights of the creators to benefit from their work.
The fair use doctrine uses four factors to consider whether a use is fair or
not:
 The purpose and character of the use
 The nature of the copyrighted work
 The amount and substantiality of the portion used I relation to the
copyrighted work as a whole
 The effect on the market and the possible monetary loss due to it
8.
What will happen if you infringe Copyright?
If you infringe in someone’s copyrighted work, you could receive a letter or
email from the author asking you to remove the material or what is known as
“cease-and-desist” letter.
If you’re sued by the owner because you thought it was fair use, the owner
should prove to court that your use wasn’t fair.
9. What is Public Domain Work?
Works that are not copyrighted, available for everyone to use in any way they
want without asking permission.
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The reason for a work entering to public domain include could be that the
copyrighted protection expired or that the owner didn’t follow the
instructions to obtain copyright protection.
10. The first iteration of the World Wide Web was released in what
year and by whom?
It was made in 1989 by the CERN (world largest particle physics center) group
as a means for scientist to share data.
They used hypertext, developed by Tim Berners-Lee for linking text to other
pages and that is how HTML is born and became synonymous of the World Wide
Web.
11. In what year was the first email sent and what was sent?
The first email was sent in 1972 by Ray Tomlinson, which included the use of
the “@” symbol.
12. What do the abbreviations FTP and HTTP stand for?
FTP -> It stands for File Transfer Protocol and is designed to enable the
transfer of files over a long-running session. FTP usually requires a
password to upload or download files from your computer to a server.
HTTP -> The HyperText Transfer Protocol was intended for the transfer of
hypertext documents and the various components it needs for operation (css,
images, etc). The HTTP, in contrast of ftp, transfer files from a Web server
to be viewed on your Web browser but those files aren’t actually downloaded
to your system.
13. Explain what a search engine is
It’s a software program that search and retrieve information (documents,
pictures, videos, and others) based on one or more keywords. Examples include
Google, Yahoo!, Bing, etc.
14. Explain how an index search engine works
It’s the process of a search engine while collecting and storing data for the
search engine. It’s the search engine index that provides results for search
queries, and pages stored within the search engine index. This operation is
made using a mathematical formula that matches and rank the queries.
The search engine locates Web pages using a web bot (robot) commonly known as
a spider that methodically and routinely surveys the web.
15. Explain how Pay-Per-Click works
Also known as sponsored link, it’s a form of web
companies to place advertising in search results
return the company has to pay the owner (website
someone clicks their advertised link.
The paid fee is based on what the advertiser bid
5-99 cents per click.
16. Explain Meta tags
Ernesto Molina
advertising that allows
or specific webpages. In
or search engine) every time
for the keywords which range
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A Meta tag is a tag (coding statement) in the HyperText Markup Language
(HTML) that describes some aspect of the contents of a Web page.
The information in Meta tags is used by the search engines to index a page so
that someone searching for the kind of information the page contains will be
able to find it. It’s placed near the top of the HTML in a Web page as part
of the heading.
17. What are the three common Boolean operators?
operator
AND
OR
NOT
symbol
+ or &
| or ,
- or !
natural language
All of these words
Any of these words
None of these words
results
Find the conjunction of A & B
Find all elements A or B
Find none of the elements
18. Define the term Licensing Agreement
Licensing Agreement is a legal contract or permission between two parties,
known as the licensor and the licensee.
There are many types of licensing agreements:
 Royalty-free or rights-managed
 Exclusive or non-exclusive
Payments from the licensee to the licensor usually take the form of
guaranteed minimum payments and royalties on sales. A royalty is the fee paid
to a copyright owner for the right of using their work. Royalties typically
range from 6-10 percent, depending on the specific property involved and the
licensee’s level of experience and sophistication. Another important element
of a licensing agreement establishes the time frame of the deal.
19. Define Terms of Use
Also known as terms and conditions (abbreviated ToS/TOU) are the rules a
copyrighted owner establish for others using his/her work. Terms of service
can also be merely a disclaimer, especially regarding the use of websites.
Ideally, the terms should clearly identify what can and cannot be done to the
work.
20. Define the term RSS Feed
RSS which stands for Rich Site Summary is the acronym used to describe the
syndication of Web content.
RSS uses a Web standard known as Extensible Markup Language or Really Simple
Syndication (XML) format and while it can be used in different ways for
content distribution, its most widespread usage is in distributing news
headlines on the Web.
When using the name RSS the speaker may be referring to any of the following
versions of Web content syndication:
 RDF Site Summary (RSS 0.9, RSS 1.0)
 Rich Site Summary (RSS 0.91, RSS 1.0)
 Really Simple Syndication (RSS 2.0)
Its main advantage is that transmit the latest content from various Web sites
without you ever needing to navigate to the site.
Ernesto Molina