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Julius Caesar By William Shakespeare Standards: 1.6 RL, 4.1 SL Rome at the time of Julius Caesar Rome – Republic (People mattered.) Senate Advisory role to those in power. Assembly Elected a dictator in times of crisis Note: Commoners cannot vote, they are not a part of the Senate or Assembly, but they are represented. Law and legislation for entire Republic. Represented the commoners. So, what is the problem? • • • • • The First Triumvirate happens! Caesar, Pompey and Crassus establish Marshall Law. Take control! Each man was going to control a specific geographic location. They expand the Roman Republic territory into Britain. Crassus was killed in battle. The Senate Pompey. Caesar establishes his power • Senate fears Caesar’s popularity. Votes for Pompey to rule alone. • When Caesar refuses to give up his power, Civil War erupts. • Caesar emerges as the unrivaled leader of the new Roman Empire. (it’s no longer a Republic) • (Marc Antony is a general of Caesar) • The people Caesar!! xoxo • The people view Caesar as one of their own. Maintaining Power • Flooded the Senate with his supporters • Gave land to the poor The Second Triumvirate • Octavian, Antony, Lepidus • Eventually only Octavian and Antony • Antony allied with Egypt and Cleopatra but Octavian crushed them. • Antony and Cleopatra fled and committed suicide a year later. (Antony=sword, Cleopatra=snakes) • Octavian ruled = Age of Augustus Important people to know • Julius Caesar - the Roman general who has claimed the role of dictator of the Roman Empire (“Republic”) • Brutus – a Roman nobleman. Caesar’s friend but he participates in the conspiracy. Motivated by his sense of honor. • Antony - a loyal friend to Caesar. Motivated by passion. • Cassius – a general. Manipulative and a leader of the conspirators. • Octavius – Caesar’s adopted son and appointed successor. He is travelling abroad. *Grand-nephew* *Historically known as Augustus* • Casca – a conspirator. A tribune (elected to represent the people of Rome). • Calphurnia – Caesar’s wife • Portia – Brutus’ wife. • Flavuis and Murellus – Tribunes who condemn the crowd • Cicero – Roman Senator • Lepidus – 3rd member of Antony + Octavius triumvirate. • Decius – member of the conspiracy. Themes to know 1. Fate vs Free Will: Was Caesar's death fate or did he cause it himself? 2. Rhetoric and Power: How do speaking abilities relate to the power a character has? 3. Public vs Private: How do people present themselves in public and which way is better? Which is valued? 4. Inflexibility vs Compromise: Who survives and thrives? The stubborn or those who compromise?