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US TV Primetime News prefer stereotypes:
Muslims framed mostly as criminals
News Analysis of U.S. TV news and international business papers 2007-2013
Exclusive Study celebrating 20 years ACMCU Georgetown University
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Coverage of Islam dropped after 2010 - Tonality deteriorated and reached a new low in 2013
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Islam is primarily shown as source of violence - US TV worse than BBC or other international Networks
 Islam on U.S. TV: The long-term view 2007-2013
 Islam on U.S. TV.: Details 2013
 Islam in international business papers 2012/2013
 The Catholic Church on international TV news 2013
2
Islam on U.S. TV news 4/2007-10/2013
Visibility of Islam on ABC, CBS and NBC news
Islam less prominent on U.S. TV screens
1 600
Number of reports about Muslims, Muslim religious leaders and Muslim organizations
1 400
1 200
1 000
800
600
400
200
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Over the last three years coverage of Islam, Muslims and Islamic organizations has
decreased notably, as U.S. troops have left Iraq and the retreat from Afghanistan has as
well led to a lower level of involvement.
Basis: 6,985 reports (at least 5 lines) on ABC, CBS and NBC news
3
Islam on U.S. TV news 4/2007-10/2013
Tone of coverage of Islam on ABC, CBS and NBC news
But the tone became more negative
0%
-10%
Tone of coverage of Muslims, Muslim religious leaders and Muslim organizations
-20%
-30%
-40%
-50%
-60%
-70%
-80%
-90%
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Less coverage generally very often leads to more negativity as the awareness of journalists
for positive aspects decreases. Bad news on the other side regularly has a higher news value
– especially for TV journalists.
Basis: 6,985 reports (at least 5 lines) on ABC, CBS and NBC news
4
Islam on U.S. TV news 4/2007-10/2013
Salience of the U.S. as location on reports about Islam on ABC, CBS and NBC news
Domestic perspective fades after 2010
35%
Share of all reports about Muslims, Muslim religious leaders and Muslim organizations focusing on the U.S.
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Even more striking is the decreasing trend concerning the coverage of American Muslims.
The Boston bombings thus did not generate more coverage of Islam in the U.S. on ABC, CBS
and NBC news.
Basis: 6,985 reports (at least 5 lines) on ABC, CBS and NBC news
5
Islam on U.S. TV news 4/2007-10/2013
Tone of coverage of Islam with regard to the U.S. on ABC, CBS and NBC news
Coverage of American Muslims gets worse and worse
0%
-10%
Tone of coverage of Muslims, Muslim religious leaders and Muslim organizations
-20%
-30%
-40%
-50%
-60%
-70%
-80%
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
In a domestic perspective the decreasing media interest in Islam is even more damaging.
The tone of coverage of Muslims with regards to the U.S. hit another low in 2013. On
balance three in four reports painted a negative image.
Basis: 6,985 reports (at least 5 lines) on ABC, CBS and NBC news
6
Islam on international TV news, 2007-2013
Tone of coverage of Islam in domestic coverage: U.S., UK, Germany, Switzerland
Far away from balanced news – Swiss Muslims don’t show up
0%
-10%
-20%
-30%
-40%
-50%
-60%
-70%
-80%
-90%
-100%
0%
-10%
-20%
-30%
-40%
-50%
-60%
-70%
-80%
-90%
-100%
Tone of coverage of Muslims, Muslim religious
leaders and Muslim organizations
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
0%
-10%
-20%
-30%
-40%
-50%
-60%
-70%
-80%
-90%
-100%
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
0%
-10%
-20%
-30%
-40%
-50%
-60%
-70%
-80%
-90%
-100%
2007
2008
2009
Basis: 921 / 2,517 / 1,750 / 637 reports
2010
2011
2012
2013
7
 Islam on U.S. TV: The long-term view 2007-2013
 Islam on U.S. TV.: Details 2013
 Islam in international business papers 2012/2013
 The Catholic Church on international TV news 2013
8
Islam on U.S. TV news 1-10/2013
Visibility and tone of coverage of religions on CBS, NBC and FOX news
More coverage of Christianity than usual
Judaism
1%
other
2%
Christianity
Islam
Christianity
47%
Islam
50%
Judaism
other
0%
20%
negative
40%
60%
no clear tone
80%
100%
positive
The change at the helm of the Catholic Church drove coverage of Christianity in 2013. But
Islam nevertheless continued to dominate coverage of religion on U.S. TV news. There were
barely any positive news about Muslims at all.
Basis: 43,873 reports (at least 5 lines) about protagonists on CBS, NBC and FOX news / 1,443 about religious protagonists
9
Islam on U.S. TV news 1-10/2013
Visibility and tone of coverage of Islam on CBS, NBC and FOX news
FOX took a less negative stance than the networks
FOX
FOX
CBS
CBS
NBC
Number of reports
about Muslims,
Muslim religious
leaders and Muslim
organizations
NBC
0
100
200
300
0%
400
negative
20%
40%
60%
no clear tone
80%
100%
positive
The comparison of the three programs of FOX, CBS and NBC is skewed by the different
duration of the shows. Nevertheless, FOX news showed a less marked focus on bad news
about Muslims than CBS and NBC.
Basis: 716 reports (at least 5 lines) about Muslim protagonists on CBS, NBC and FOX news
10
Islam on U.S. TV news 1-10/2013
Visibility and tone of coverage of Islam on CBS, NBC and FOX news: Topics and protagonists
Terrorists shape the image of Islam
International terrorism
International conflicts
Political unrest
Domestic terrorism
Civil war
Role in organization
Religious terrorism
Scandals
Social unrest
Rel. w. state
Court cases
Air strikes
Domestic security
Rel. w. society
Domestic policy
Al-Qaeda
Morsy
Muslim Brotherhood
Taliban
Islamic Armed Groups
Muslims in general
Islam in general
Islamic fundamentalists
Shias
Sunnis
Islamic organizations in general
Al-Nusra
0
negative
50
100
no clear tone
150
200
positive
0
negative
100
no clear tone
200
300
positive
For years Islam has been portrayed as a security risk in the first line. Religious life, Islamic
holidays or the social role of Muslims did not rank among the top issues in the news about
Islam.
Basis: 716 reports (at least 5 lines) about Muslim protagonists on CBS, NBC and FOX news
11
 Islam on U.S. TV: The long-term view 2007-2013
 Islam on U.S. TV.: Details 2013
 Islam in international business papers 2012/2013
 The Catholic Church on international TV news 2013
12
Islam in FT, WSJ and Les Echos, 7/2012-6/2013
Visibility and tone of coverage of religions
Business papers show a more balanced attitude towards Islam
Judaism
1%
other
4%
Christianity
Islam
Christianity
29%
Judaism
Islam
66%
other
0%
negative
20%
40%
60%
no clear tone
80%
100%
positive
Three leading business papers from the UK, the U.S. and France focused even more strongly
on Islam the TV news – although the elections of Pope Francis took place during the period
of analysis.
Basis: 359,729 reports (at least 5 lines) about protagonists / 3,002 about religious protagonists
13
Islam in FT, WSJ and Les Echos, 7/2012-6/2013
Visibility and tone of coverage of Islam in comparison
WSJ has a much stronger focus on Islam than other papers
WSJ
WSJ
Number of reports
about Muslims,
Muslim religious
leaders and Muslim
organizations
FT
FT
Les Echos
Les Echos
0%
0
500
1 000
1 500
negative
20%
40%
60%
no clear tone
80%
100%
positive
While FT and Les Echos devoted only limited coverage to Muslims and Islam, the WSJ
covered Islam in more depth. Although negativity was not as marked as on TV, coverage of
Islam was characterized by a lack of good news as well.
Basis: 1.510 reports (at least 5 lines) about Muslim protagonists
14
Islam in FT, WSJ and Les Echos, 7/2012-6/2013
Visibility and tone of coverage of Islam in comparison
Egyptian crisis drove reporting in 2013
300
Number of reports about Muslims, Muslim religious
leaders and Muslim organizations
0%
Tone of coverage of Muslims, Muslim religious
leaders and Muslim organizations
-5%
250
-10%
200
-15%
150
-20%
-25%
100
-30%
50
-35%
0
-40%
Jul-12
Sep-12
Nov-12
Jan-13
Mar-13
May-13
Jul-12
Sep-12
Nov-12
Jan-13
Mar-13
May-13
Reporting about Islam soared since the beginning of 2013 when the events in Egypt became
more critical. The disappointment about the end of the “Arab Spring” and rising fears about
a jihadist involvement in Syria shaped reporting.
Basis: 1.510 reports (at least 5 lines) about Muslim protagonists
15
Islam in FT, WSJ and Les Echos, 7/2012-6/2013
Visibility and tone of coverage of Islam in comparison: Topics and protagonists
Religious and social life widely absent from the reports
Terrorism
International conflicts
Organizations: Operations
PR/Image
Research
Rel. W. other religions
Assassinations
International terrorism
Finances
Organizations: Research
Civil war
Rel. W. politicians
Domestic policy
Political unrest
Pol. Parties: Internal affairs
Religion in general
Religious terrorism
Role in organization
Al-Qaeda
Taliban
Morsy
Muslim Brotherhood
Muslims in general
Shias
Sunnis
Sunni groups
Muslim organisations in general
Al-Nusra
Shia groups
Boko Haram
Fundamentalists
Islam in general
Salafist Jihadists
0
negative
50
100
no clear tone
150
200
positive
250
0
negative
100 200 300 400 500
no clear tone
positive
While the WSJ offers at least some space to the views of Islamic organizations, overall
coverage of the Muslim World has been determined by the security perspective as well. The
business papers reported Al-Qaeda and the Taliban as a resurging force.
Basis: 1.510 reports (at least 5 lines) about Muslim protagonists
16
 Islam on U.S. TV: The long-term view 2007-2013
 Islam on U.S. TV.: Details 2013
 Islam in international business papers 2012/2013
 The Catholic Church on international TV news 2013
17
The Catholic Church on German, UK and U.S. TV, 1-10/2013
Visibility and tone of coverage of the Catholic Church in comparison
German TV devotes more time to the Catholic Church
Germany
Germany
US
Number of reports
about Catholic
protagonists
US
UK
UK
0%
0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
negative
20%
40%
60%
no clear tone
80%
100%
positive
German TV focuses more intensively on the resignation of the German Pope, but the new
scandal involving the Bishop of the German diocese of Limburg generated as well a string of
bad news.
Basis: 3,203 reports about Catholic protagonists
18
The Catholic Church on German, UK and U.S. TV, 1-10/2013
Visibility and tone of coverage of the Catholic Church: Timeline
The charisma of Pope Francis is not sufficient
1 400
30%
Number of reports
Tone of coverage of Catholic protagonists
20%
1 200
10%
1 000
0%
-10%
800
-20%
600
-30%
-40%
400
-50%
200
-60%
0
-70%
Jan-13
Mar-13
May-13
Jul-13
Sep-13
Jan-13
Mar-13
May-13
Jul-13
Sep-13
The Catholic Church still did not manage to develop a sustainable media presence on TV
screens. After the election of Pope Francis coverage dropped dramatically – and rose only in
Autumn when another scandal broke.
Basis: 3,203 reports about Catholic protagonists
19
The Catholic Church on German, UK and U.S. TV, 1-10/2013
Visibility and tone of coverage of Catholic Church in comparison: Topics and protagonists
The organization remains under pressure
Leadership of the Church
Role in the Church
Administration
Religion in general
Religious practice
Scandals
Rel. W. society
Image
Personality
Resignation
Holidays
Reputation
Rel. Doctrine
Pol. Investigation
Finances
Pope Francis
Vatican
Catholic Church
Pope Benedict
Catholics
Franz-Peter Tebartz-van Elst
Diocesis of Linburg
German Bishop's Conference
Catholicism
Robert Zollitsch
Timothy Dolan
Keefe O'Brien
Federico Lombardi
John Paul II.
0
negative
100 200 300 400 500 600
no clear tone
positive
0
negative
200
no clear tone
400
600
800
positive
Not only the new Pope, but as well the outgoing Pope were covered rather positively, as
were the Catholic faithful. But the image of the Catholic Church suffered especially in
Germany from the scandal around the “Bling-bling Bishop” of Limburg.
Basis: 3,203 reports about Catholic protagonists
20
Religious leaders on U.S., UK and German TV news, 1-10/2013
Visibility and tone of coverage of Catholic and Muslim religious leaders
Muslim leaders remain no-names
Pope Francis
Pope Benedict
Bischop Tebartz-van Elst
Bishop Zollitsch
Archbishop O'Brien
Archbishop Dolan
Federico Lombardi
Pope John Paul II
Archbishop Scola
Archbishop Meisner
Archbishop O'Malley
Archbishop Mahony
Archbishop Marx
Archbishop Scherer
Father Thomas Rosica
Mohammed Morsi
Ayatollah Khomeini
Mohamed el-Beltagy
Gehad El Haddad
Anwar Al-Awlaki
Adnan Rasheed
Mona Al Qazzaz
Saeed Abedini
Pierre Vogel
Julie Siddiqi
Muhammad Tahirul Qadri
Mullah Nazir
Ibrahim Habib
Mahmoud Ezzat
Kamal el-Helbawy
Abdullah bin Bayyah
Naseem Bajwa
Mohammed Bader
Mullah Aziz
Mohammed al-Buti
Mohammed al-Tayeb
Rahman al-Barr
Riaz Ahmed
Shams Ad-Duha Muhammad
George Abu Zakhem
0
negative
200
400
no clear tone
600
800
positive
0
negative
200
no clear tone
400
600
800
positive
A great host of Muslim leaders is mentioned in the news, but none of them reached
significant coverage in Western news programs – apart from the political leader of the
Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt.
Basis: 1,608 reports about religious leaders in 12 U.S., UK and German TV news programs
21
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