Download Insect orders

Class: Insecta
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Head + thorax + abdomen
One pair of antennae
Adults may have wings on thorax
Thorax with 6 walking legs
Pests, predators, or benign to horticultural crops
Part 1: Collembola‡, Dermaptera, Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera*,
Homoptera*, Isoptera‡, Odonata, Orthoptera, Thysanoptera*
Part 2: Insect orders with complete metamorphosis:
Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Neuroptera
Part 3: Self Test – identify the insects to order
‡
Not tested in Apprenticeship or in HORT 1217.
*
Note that some newer resources may now include Homoptera and Thysanoptera as suborders
of Heteroptera or refer to all three orders as belonging to the “Hemipteroid Assemblage”.
Insecta (subphylum Hexapoda)
Insect Orders
s
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Collembola‡
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Springtails
No metamorphosis: E, P >> A
Chewing mouthparts concealed in head
Antennae variable: and with 4-6 segments
Abdomen with fork-like tail and clasp
Wings absent
Small (most < 2 mm)
Found in soil, duff, growing media
‡
Not tested in Apprenticeship or in HORT 1217
Collembola
Insect Orders
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Collembola ‡ : springtails
Insect Orders
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Collembola ‡ : springtails
Insect Orders
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Dermaptera
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Earwigs
Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A
Chewing mouthparts
Antennae thread-like (filiform)
Tip of abdomen with large pincers (forceps-like cerci)
+/- wings (forewings short and leathery)
Small to medium (5-25 mm)
Soil, duff, foundations, on plants, in fruit
Dermaptera
Insect Orders
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Dermaptera: earwigs
Insect Orders
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Ephemeroptera
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Mayflies
Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A#
Mouthparts chewing on larvae & absent on adults
Antennae small and bristle-like (setaceous)
Elongate abdomen; tip with 2-3 caudal filaments
Forewings triangular & 2-3x size of hind wings
Adults with conspicuous abdominal appendages for
balance on water
Small to quite long (5-35 mm)
Aquatic (naiads); adults in wet areas & short lived
Ephemeroptera
Insect Orders
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Ephemeroptera: mayfly
Insect Orders
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Ephemeroptera: mayfly nymphs
Insect Orders
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Hemiptera
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True bugs
Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A
Piercing-sucking ‘beak’ (originates on anterior of
head and folded under abdomen - opisthognathous)
Antennae variable, most with 4-5 segments
forewings modified to hemelytra (half leathery)
Hind wings entirely membranous
Wings form a triangular pattern on scutellum
Very small (< 1 mm) to large (> 3 cm)
Many habitats; very few are major plant pests
Hemiptera
Insect Orders
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Hemiptera: Dicyphus hesperus: predatory on whitefly, spidermite, and aphids
Insect Orders
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Hemiptera: lacebug
Insect Orders
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Hemiptera: lygus bug
Insect Orders
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Hemiptera: stink bug and western conifer seed bug
Insect Orders
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Hemiptera: Podisus maculiventris (predatory)
Insect Orders
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Hemiptera: egg hatching
Insect Orders
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Hemiptera: Macrolophus caliginosus (predator of whitefly)
Insect Orders
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Homoptera*
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Aphids, scales, cicadas, leafhoppers, etc.
Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A; (scale incomplete)
piercing-sucking ‘beak’ but head orientation varies
Antennae variable; usually setaceous
Abdomen appendages: aphids have cornicles
Most: four uniform membranous wings; variable
Most small to medium (1-15 mm); cicadas big
Habitat variable; many important plant pests and no
beneficial species
* Note that some newer resources may now include Homoptera and Thysanoptera as suborders
of Heteroptera or refer to all three orders as belonging to the “Hemipteroid Assemblage”.
Homoptera
Insect Orders
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Homoptera: aphids
Insect Orders
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Homoptera: cicadas
Insect Orders
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Homoptera: whitefly
Insect Orders
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Homoptera: mealybug
Insect Orders
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Homoptera: psyllid nymphs found on Acuba japonica
Insect Orders
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Homoptera: scale
Insect Orders
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Homoptera: leafhopper
Insect Orders
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Isoptera‡
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Termites
Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A
Chewing mouthparts
Antennae straight, bead-like (moniliform)
Abdominal-thoracic connection is broad
+/- 4 wings (all similar in size)
Small to medium (5-20 mm), different castes
Rotting wood, soil, foundations
‡
Not tested in Apprenticeship or in HORT 1217
Isoptera
Insect Orders
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Isoptera ‡ : termite
Insect Orders
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Odonata
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Dragonflies and damselflies
Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A
Chewing mouthparts on larvae & adults
Antennae small & bristle-like (setaceous)
Abdomen long & slender
Four large wings, about equal is size, many cross
veins
Large insects: most 15-100 mm
Aquatic predaceous naiads; adults in wet areas
Odonata
Insect Orders
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nymph head
Odonata: dragonflies
Insect Orders
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Orthoptera
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Grasshoppers & crickets
Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A
Chewing mouthparts
Antennae thread-like (filiform)
Large hind legs (especially the femora); +/- cerci
Leathery forewings hide membranous ones +/Relatively large insects (10-100 mm)
Terrestrial plant feeders
Orthoptera
Insect Orders
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Orthoptera: grasshopper
Insect Orders
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Orthoptera: grasshopper
Insect Orders
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Orthoptera: cricket
Insect Orders
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Thysanoptera*
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Thrips
Gradual metamorphosis: E, N1, N2, PP1, PP2, A
Rasping-sucking, asymmetrical mouthparts
Antennae bead-like (moniliform)
Abdomen torpedo shaped; no appendages
Wings (+/-) large & feathery (long hairs)
Very small insects (< 3 mm long)
Habitat: on plants (a few are predators of other thrips)
*
Note that some newer resources may now include Homoptera and Thysanoptera as suborders
of Heteroptera or refer to all three orders as belonging to the “Hemipteroid Assemblage”.
Thysanoptera
Insect Orders
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Thrips on a magnolia flower
Thysanoptera: thrips
Insect Orders
Part 2: Insect orders with
complete metamorphosis
Click here to continue
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