Download Review for Unit 9 Exam

Unit 9 Review
1
Which term or phrase below can be referred to as a summary of Darwin's view of life?
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Which of the following is a TRUE statement about Charles Darwin?
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it is not factual.
it is an untested idea.
it is a matter of opinion.
it can be considered dogma.
it is a model that is supported by many observations and much experimental
evidence.
Which of the following factors is NOT an important part of natural selection?
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He worked out the principles of population genetics.
He proposed natural selection as the mechanism of evolution.
He was the first to conclude that Earth is billions of years old.
He based his theory on the inheritance of acquired characteristics.
He was the first to discover that living things can change, or evolve.
To describe evolution as a "theory" means that
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natural selection
adaptive evolution
descent with modification
differential success in reproduction
inheritance of acquired characteristics
heritable variation
limited environmental resources
selective breeding of domestic plants and animals
individuals better adapted to an environment being more likely to survive
unequal reproduction with individuals best meeting environmental demands
having the most success
According to the theory of evolution, all of the different kinds of homologies-namely,
anatomical, molecular, and embryological-should
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yield very different hierarchical patterns.
be completely independent of each other.
link all of the species currently present on Earth.
be understood to have come about by chance alone.
produce similar patterns of evolutionary relatedness.
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Unit 9 Review
6
In a large population of bonobos, the frequency of the recessive allele is initially 0.1. There
is no migration and no selection. What is the frequency of the dominant allele? Assume that
there are two alleles of this gene.
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Genetic drift ... natural selection ... mutation
Mutation ... sexual recombination ... natural selection
Natural selection ... mutation ... sexual recombination
Sexual recombination ... natural selection ... overproduction
Overproduction of offspring ... mutation ... sexual recombination
In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 1% of the individuals in a population show
the recessive trait of a certain characteristic. In this situation, what is the value of p?
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random mating
sexual selection
a large population
no mutations altering the gene pool
no migration of alleles in or out of the population
_____ and _____ generate variation, while _____ results in an adaptation to the
environment.
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.10
.20
.50
.90
.99
Which of the following conditions is NOT required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
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0.9
0.18
0.81
99%
The answer cannot be determined from the information given.
Which of the following most accurately measures an organism's fitness?
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its mutation rate
how many fertile offspring it produces
how much food it is able to make or obtain
its ability to withstand environmental extremes
how strong the organism is when pitted against others of its species
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Unit 9 Review
11
Which one of the following conditions is necessary for speciation to occur?
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At which point in the adaptation of a population is it clear that speciation has occurred?
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prezygotic ... gametic isolation
prezygotic ... temporal isolation
postzygotic ... hybrid breakdown
prezygotic ... mechanical isolation
prezygotic ... behavioral isolation
According to the punctuated equilibrium model of evolution
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Viable, fertile hybrids occur.
An allopatric separation occurs.
Gene pool changes adapt a population to a local environment.
Gene pool changes establish reproductive barriers between two populations.
All of the above.
Three species of frogs, Rana pipiens, Rana clamitans, and Rana sylvatica, all mate in the
same ponds, but they pair off correctly because they have different calls. This is a specific
example of a _____ barrier, called _____.
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mass extinction
adaptive radiation
sympatric speciation
reproductive isolation
interbreeding among neighboring populations
polyploidy is not a mechanism of punctuated equilibrium
the tempo of evolution comprises abrupt episodes of speciation among long
periods of equilibrium
isolated species changing over a few thousand generations represent
graduated equilibrium, not punctuated equilibrium
fossils of organisms that existed during periods of stasis should be as
abundant as those of organisms that existed during periods of rapid change.
none of the above
Which species concept defines a species as a population/group of populations whose
members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring
with members of other populations?
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biological species concept
ecological species concept
phylogenetic species concept
morphological species concept
paleontological species concept
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Unit 9 Review
16
Which one of the following methods to establish phylogenetic relationships among
organisms has been developed most recently?
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families that look most alike
relative ages of living species of birds
characteristics shared by all bird families
evolutionary relationships among bird families
analogous structures shared by various species
The Miller and Urey abiotic synthesis experiment (and subsequent, similar experiments)
showed that
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comparing behavioral patterns
comparing embryonic development
comparing morphology (shape and structure)
comparing physiology (the functioning of structures and systems)
comparing the component sequences of proteins and nucleic acids
A phylogenetic tree (cladogram) of bird families constructed by cladistic analysis would be a
hypothesis about which of the following?
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life can be created in a test tube.
long chains of DNA can form under abiotic conditions.
the earliest life forms introduced large amounts of oxygen into the
atmosphere.
the "concentration gap" probably prevented simple organic molecules from
polymerizing.
simple organic molecules can form spontaneously under conditions like those
thought to prevail early in Earth's history.
A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 1.2 billion years. As measured by the presence of the
isotope and its stable decay product, a rock originally contained 100 grams of the
radioactive isotope, and now contains 12.5 grams. Approximately how many years old is
the rock?
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1,000 years
10,000 years
0.3 billion years
3.6 billion years
12 billion years
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Unit 9 Review
20
Which statement below is NOT an argument for the endosymbiotic origin of plastids and
mitochondria?
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Each type of organelle contains a single circular DNA.
Each of these organelles contains tRNA and other molecules need to
translate DNA.
Mitochondria and plastids reproduce by a method that is very similar to
binary fission.
The ribosomes of each type of organelle are more similar to cytoplasmic
ribosomes of eukaryotic cells than to ribosomes of prokaryotic cells.
The inner membrane of both types of organelles have enzymes and
transport systems that are homologous to those on the plasma membrane of
prokaryotes.
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Unit 9 Review
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Answer Key : Unit 9 Review
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Answer
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D