Download Types of Word

Knowledge of Language Signposts
How words are made
This group of signposts should be considered in conjunction with the school’s phonics programme
26 letters in the alphabet
Vowels & Consonants
The letter y can be a vowel or a consonant
Parts of words
Prefix/Stem/Suffix
Syllables
Word families
Types of words
Noun
Common nouns
Singular/Plural Nouns
‘Shall’ after I/we
Present participle (__ing) past participle (__ed)
‘Will’ after he/she/you/it/they
Active/Passive Voice
Positive
Comparative (r/er)
Superlative (st/est)
Adjective
Adverb
Use comparatives and superlatives to convey tone or enthusiasm
Adverbs of manner
(-ly)
Pronoun
Adverbs of place, time, or degree
And
But
Because
Prepositions
Adverbial phrases
Relative pronouns
(who, which, what, that, whom)
Personal pronouns
Conjunction
Abstract nouns
Proper nouns
Infinitive verb (to__)
Verb Stem and suffix
(suffix indicating tense)
Verb
Collective nouns
And
But – change/contrast
Since/because - reason
If - condition
Use a range of conjunctions
Conjunctions can go at the beginning of sentences: e.g.
Although
Repeating/omitting conjunctions for effect
Between (two)
Among (more than two)
Prepositions of time and place
How Words Are Put Together:
A sentence is a group of words that make sense
standing on their own.
A sentence begins with a capital letter and ends
with a full stop.
A sentence has a subject and a predicate. The
predicate includes a verb.
Full stops, exclamation marks and question marks indicate that a sentence has ended.
Punctuation also gives the added information that the sentence is a statement, question or
exclamation.
Punctuation can be used to separate parts of a sentence.
Common conjunctions, e.g.
And
But
Because
Sentences can be joined together with conjunctions.
Conjunction have different purposes:
And
But – change/contrast
Because - reason
Since – reason
If – condition
Repeating/ omitting conjunctions for effect
A paragraph is a collection of sentences which are
all about the same subject.
Start a new paragraph when changing to a new
topic, a different aspect of the topic, or the next part
in the sequence
The first sentence of a paragraph is most often the
topic sentence.
Add similar points using words/phrases such as:
Furthermore
In the same way
Similarly
Recognise pausing punctuation
A comma is used as a pause between items in a list
of items.
A comma shows a pause in a sentence.
A colon is an ‘introducing pause’.
It points forward to a quotation, an explanation or a
more detailed description.
Punctuation belonging to the direct speech goes
inside the speech marks.
The full stop is replaced by a comma if the direct
speech is followed by a verb of speaking.
An apostrophe can indicate a missing letter in an
abbreviation.
An apostrophe is used with the letter ‘s’ to show
possession
Speech marks
enclose the actual words used by the speaker.
Recognise apostrophes
Complex sentences have two or more verbs.
Subordinate clauses can be introduced by words such as who,
which, that, when, after
Conjunctions can go at the beginning of sentences, e.g.
Although, despite
Introduce different points to the previous one using
words/phrases such as:
Nevertheless
On the other hand
In contrast
Introduce drawing a conclusion using
words/phrases such as:
As a result of
Therefore
Consequently
Thus
A semi colon is a ‘finishing’ pause. It often comes between two statements that contrast or are closely
connected.
Speech marks should never be used back to back. Take a new paragraph whenever speech marks are opened..
In the singular, apostrophes go before the s
In plurals, the apostrophe goes after the s.
‘ it’s ’ means ‘it is’
How words are used
26 letters in the alphabet
Similes
The alphabet is used to organise words.
Metaphor
We can locate words in a dictionary quickly by using the alphabet
Personification
Standard English/Formal English/Informal English
Register and Tone
Onomatopoeia
Alliteration
Colloquial language
Understand the concept of specialist vocabulary (register)
Original idea developed by Humbie Primary School 2009 - 2010