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ame: ______________________________________ Date: ____ Period: ________ Sunni and Shia AOI: Human Ingenuity IB Unit? Why is religion important to the world? GPS Standard SS7GS8 The student will describe the diverse cultures of the people who live in Southwest Asia (Middle East). d. Explain the origin of the division between Sunni and Shia Muslims. After Muhammad died, there was disagreement about who should lead the Muslim community, or the ummah. This question was settled for a time by agreeing to place power in the hands of men who had been friends of Muhammad’s in his lifetime. They ruled one after the other, and they were known as the “Four Rightly Guided Caliphs.” When the last of these men died, a new argument arose over who should lead the Muslim community. One group thought leadership should go to whoever was most able to keep the community together. These people came to be known as the Sunni Muslims, those who saw themselves closely following Muhammad’s example. The second group felt leadership should go to a direct descendant of Muhammad. They wanted to choose one of Muhammad’s grandsons, the children of his son-in-law Ali, for leadership. They became known as the Shia-Ali, or “supporters of Ali.” This name has been shortened to Shia. A battle for control soon followed, resulting in the death of one of Muhammad’s grandsons and the transfer of power to the Umayyad family and the Sunni supporters. These divisions in the Muslim community remain even today, though there is little difference in their basic religious beliefs. The Sunni Muslims have always been in the majority, making up about 85 percent of those who call themselves Muslims today. The Shia Muslims have always been a minority, but they are a major portion of the populations of a number of countries today including Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon. Iran is over 90 percent Shia. 1. What happened after Muhammad died? ______________________________________________________________ 2. Who are the “Four Rightly Guided Caliphs?” ______________________________________________________________ 3. Who did Sunni’s think should run Islam? ______________________________________________________________ 4. Who did Shia’s think should run Islam? ______________________________________________________________ 5. What does Shia Ali mean? ______________________________________________________________ 6. How long has the divisions between Sunni and Shia lasted? ______________________________________________________________ 7. How much of a difference is there in their basic religious beliefs? ______________________________________________________________ 8. What percentage of Muslims are Sunni? ______________________________________________________________ 9. Where do most Shia Muslims live today? ______________________________________________________________ 10. DBQ Analysis Fact Write one quote from the document that gives you information to help you answer the question – “Why did Islam split between Sunni and Shia?” ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Inference What can I learn from this document that is not openly said in the document (what educated guess can I make about this fact)? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Arguments From the fact and inference, how does this information help you answer the question – “Why did Islam split between Sunni and Shia?” ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Main Idea: Summarize the author’s main point in your own words