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8-4.5 The Civil War PPT Notes
8-4.5 Focus Question: What were the military strategies used by the Confederacy and Union during the Civil War?
What is a Civil War? A Civil War is any war between two _________________ groups in a state or nation. There have
been many civil wars throughout history. In the United States, the term most commonly refers to the American Civil War
fought in the 1860s. This conflict was also called, “The War Between the _____________”, “The War of Secession”, “Mr.
Lincoln’s War”, and many others.
The War Starts- At 4:30 in the morning on April 12 in 1861, the Civil War would begin in Charleston’s ______________.
Confederate forces would fire upon Fort Sumter which was occupied by ____________ troops. Union troops were
outnumbered and were running out of _____________. Union commander, Major Anderson was low on ammunition,
fires were burning out of control, and his men were hungry and exhausted. Satisfied that they had defended their post
with ____________, enduring over 3,000 Confederate rounds without losing a man, Anderson raised his ___________
flag and agreed to surrender the fort the next day on April 13th. After the surrender of Fort Sumter, seven months
passed as both sides developed war strategies.
Union Army-The army of the United States during the Civil War, also referred to as the “__________________ Army” (it
was comprised mostly of soldiers from Northern states). The Union Army outnumbered the Confederate Army almost 3
to 1, with over 2 million men serving throughout the war. The Union also had the __________________ of railroad lines
and superior industry.
Confederate Army—An army formed in 1861 (after several states in the South _________________ from the Union) to
defend the Confederate States of America from the United States. Over 1,000,000 men enlisted or were drafted into the
army, which included nearly every young, able-bodied man who was available. Led by effective leaders such as Robert E.
Lee, the ______________________ Army put up a good fight, but was unable to overcome huge disadvantages in size
and materials.
Although the Union had many advantages at the start, they knew they would be facing a __________________ enemy.
Union General Scott came up with a plan called the Anaconda Plan, named after the large _________________ that coils
around its prey and suffocates it. There were three parts to the Union’s Anaconda Plan.
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Use their superior Naval power to ___________________ at sea. The Confederacy would be unable to get
supplies by sea.
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Next, Union troops would __________ the Confederacy by travelling down the Mississippi and capturing New
Orleans
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Third, Union Armies would capture the Confederate ___________________ of Richmond, Virginia.
Another key part to the defensive strategy of the North was to ________________ the transportation and
communication systems of the Confederacy thus crippling morale.
The Southern strategy was to fight a ________________ war. The South would need to break the Naval blockade of its
harbors. It also would need to fight off any Union invasions. The Confederacy was also hoping to line up some foreign
___________, like France or Great Britain to help them fight the war. Foreign allies never came to the South’s aid.
Although much of the Civil War was fought in __________________ and along the Mississippi region, South Carolina
would see some fighting during the war. The Confederacy suffered a major setback on the morning of November 7,
1861, when the Union captured ______________________. Union troops controlled Port Royal, Beaufort, Hilton Head
and several of the Sea Islands. Rice plantation owners fled, leaving behind thousands of slaves who had refused to
leave. The Union now had a place to set up a _____________________ along the SC coast. Charleston, the second
largest city in the Confederacy, became a target.
The blockade devastated Southern trade and kept supplies from reaching the Confederate Army. Many Confederate
blockade ___________________ managed to slip past Union ships since they were smaller and faster and could travel in
shallow waters. They helped enable trade and supply the Confederate forces with supplies.
The Union Army would try to ___________________ Charleston by land. Their attempt to capture Charleston, South
Carolina, is thwarted when the Confederates turn back an attack at Secessionville, just south of the city on
_________________________. 1000 Confederates beat back 4500 Union soldiers at the Battle at Secessionville.
Now the Union came at Charleston by the sea with all of its Naval power. Armored ______________________, armored
wooden ships would bombard the city of Charleston for 567 days until Charleston surrendered in 1865. The 54th infantry
regiment, an all-black group of volunteers, fought courageously for the _______________ at Fort Wagner near
Charleston Harbor.
The Hunley- The Confederate forces had a new weapon- the ____________________. It was hoped the Hunley could
be used to get supplies and for battle. During the siege of Charleston, the Confederates used the Hunley to sink a Union
ship with a ________________. The Hunley sank, for reasons that are still a mystery.
The Emancipation Proclamation- Northerners and Southerners both thought the war would be over in a matter of
months. But the war dragged on for years while the death toll climbed and both sides refused to ________________.
After the bloody Battle of Antietam in Virginia, President Lincoln would issue the Emancipation Proclamation. The
Proclamation did not ____________ all the slaves. It only freed the slaves in the Confederate States.
Sherman's Path of Destruction- The Union victories at the Battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg would turn the tide of
war in the North’s ___________. Now they would strike the final blow with a brilliant but ruthless General named
General _______________. The Union would unleash Sherman with his strategy of Total War. It was a strategy to
__________________ destroy an enemies supplies and morale. Sherman’s Army would destroy, burn, and terrorize
everything in their way.
After Sherman's forces captured __________________, they turned back and came for South Carolina. Sherman would
say about the ____________ state South Carolina that started the war, “ I almost tremble at her fate, but feel she
deserves all that seems in store for her.” Sherman’s path of destruction led them to Columbia where most of the city
was _____________ with cannon fire or fires that burned most the city. Sherman marched through Winnsboro,
Camden, and Cheraw on his way to North Carolina leaving destruction in his path.
The Final Days- After months of desperate fighting in Virginia and the loss of the Confederate _________________ of
Richmond, Confederate General Robert E. Lee would surrender on April 19, 1865 to General Ulysses Grant .
Confederate ____________________ Jefferson Davis was captured fleeing Richmond and imprisoned for 3 years.
The Civil War started in 1861 and ended in 1865. It would be remembered as one of the bloodiest wars in American
history with more than __________________________ deaths. The South was devastated by the Civil War.